Nowadays the U.S. students are sleepy in school because they spend too much time texting, playing video games, watching TV and using the media in other ways.
“Heavy media use interferes with sleep by reducing sleep duration, making it harder to fall asleep, and lowering sleep quality,” Meilan Zhang, an assistant professor at the University of Texas at El Paso, wrote in her research review in the journal, Sleep Medicine.
But the relationship between youth’s media use and sleep is not so simple, said Michael Gradisar, who authored both that review and the Sleep Medicine meta-analysis. “Technology use is the new evidence when we are trying to answer ‘Why are school-age children sleeping less?’” said Mr. Gradisar, an associate professor of psychology at Flinders University in Adelaide, Australia.
There may be safe limits to technology use, Mr. Gradisar stated. For instance, recent research results indicate that using a bright screen for an hour before bed or even playing violent video games for less than that will not necessarily interfere with teenagers’ sleep, he wrote.
But longer periods of usage can be harmful to sleep, Mr. Gradisar added. Rather than delaying school start times, he said, the first step should be educating parents about limiting the hours that their children are using technology before bed, and enforcing a consistent bedtime.
Early school start times are also commonly blamed for students’ sleepiness, especially for adolescents. Secondary schools around the nation and the world have been delaying start times, often with positive results.
Mr. Minnich of the TIMSS and PIRLS International Study Center hesitated to put blame to any particular factor. But he did think that cost-saving measures to consolidate（合并）bus routes might help explain U.S. students’ sleepiness.
“For those children who board the bus first, they must get up earlier, may end up sleeping on the way to school, and may end up arriving at school sleepy.” he said.
1.Which of the following may be the good way to help kids sleep better?
A. Parents should be well educated.
B. Technology is forbidden at home.
C. Their playing time must be limited.
D. They are allowed to go to school early.
2.What would be the factors that cause kids sleep troubles according to the text
a. Using the media.
b. Having breakfast.
c. Catching the bus.
d. The school timetable.
e. Doing too much homework.
A. a, d, e B. b, c, d
C. a, c, d D. b, d, e
3.Which of the following may be the best title for the text?
A. Kids benefit a lot from technology.
B. Several sleep troubles appear at school.
C. Some tips can help kids sleep well.
D. Several factors affect kids’ sleep.
智慧小复习系列答案科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年安徽舒城晓天中学高二下期中考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：短文改错
短文改错
请修改下面的短文。短文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
One night a man came to my house and told me what a family with eight children hasn’t eaten for days. I took some rice and followed with him. When I came to the family, I gave the rice for the mother. She divided it into two, and went out, carry half of the rice with us. When she came back, I asked her, “Why did you go?” She answered, “To my neighbors. They are hungry, either.” I used to think that when we were suffered, we were so focused on ourselves that we had time for others, but what she did made me realize I was wrong.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016年新疆生产建设兵团二中高一下期中考试英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day. But robins(知更鸟) are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night一 as well as during the day, British-based researchers say.
David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clock, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.
Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds' health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.
He told people at a conference, "There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy."
And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackoiids and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, "In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying `You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls?'.During the breeding(繁殖)season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep."
Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.
However, some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalizing on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.
1.According to Dr Dominoni's study, what causes robins to sing so much?
A. The breeding season.
B. The light in modem.
C. The dangerous environment.
D. The noise from heavy machinery.
2.What is the researchers' concern over the increase of birds' song output?
A. The environment might be polluted.
B. The birds' health might be damaged.
C. The industry cost might be increased
D. The people's hearing might be affected.
3.What does the underlined word "nocturnal" in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Active at night.
B. Inactive at night.
C. Active during the day.
D. Inactive during the day.
4.Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?
A. Because there are fewer dangers.
B. Because there is more food to eat.
C. Because there is less light pollution
D. Because there are more places to take shelter.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年宁夏育才中学高一下期中考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：完形填空
完形填空
It was 1952 and my father was away at war, leaving my mother and me behind to face hardship alone. I was ten. My mother was a _________ and worked at the local clinic a few blocks from where we lived.
The bell rang and _________ of Christmas were the only thing on my mind. I raced home. The apartment was empty and a note was _________ to the refrigerator. My mother was working a double shift and _________ me instructions for the day. We had planned on making Christmas biscuits _________, but my mother_________ it.
I carefully _________through mother’s closet, finding most of the _________for Christmas wrapped in linen cloth, all but one toy, a model airplane. I was still _________ at my mother and I threw the airplane onto the floor, breaking one of its wings. I stood_________. How was I going to explain this? Then I heard my mother coming through the door. I _________ to my room.
After telling my mother the horrible _________ , I did not hear my mother _________ me. She just told me to follow her. Climbing the steps without catching our _________ , we entered the clinic. There in a bed was a boy who looked very sick.
“He is going to die, Danny,” my mother told me, “_________today, maybe tomorrow. He loves planes. I knew his mother could not _________ to buy him one. So I did. I count my blessings every night and think of this boy and how _________ I am that you are not in that bed.”
The _________ cut hard and sharp in my heart. The tears _________ down my face and I was so guilty. I ran home as fast as I could and into my room where I_________ myself to sleep.
1.A. saleswoman B. surgeon C. teacher D. clerk
2.A. thoughts B. memories C. desires D. hopes
3.A. written B. found C. attached D. sent
4.A. reminded B. provided C. saved D. left
5.A. alone B. soon C. together D. immediately
6.A. ruined B. refused C. forgot D. challenged
7.A. walked B. hunted C. broke D. got
8.A. toys B. gifts C. clothes D. supplies
9.A. anxious B. pleased C. mad D. eager
10.A. awake B. happy C. wild D. frozen
11.A. raced B. removed C. struggled D. wandered
12.A. note B. idea C. truth D. message
13.A. quarrel with B. shout at C. worry about D. cheer up
14.A. calmness B. sweat C. rest D. breath
15.A. Possibly B. Certainly C. Properly D. Regularly
16.A. encourage B. persuade C. afford D. force
17.A. wonderful B. grateful C. hopeful D. helpful
18.A. scolds B. comments C. phrases D. words
19.A. floated B. dropped C. slowed D. rolled
20.A. cried B. made C. turned D. moved
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年黑龙江牡丹江一中高二下期中考试英语卷（解析版） 题型：单词拼写
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
One day, my cousin told me about the importance of protect the environment. He asked me help do it, too. I just said, “I don’t think my help is important.” Hear what I said, he was asked, “How much does a snowflake weigh?” I reply that it almost weighed nothing. Then he said, “I once read the story. There were 8,865,219 snowflakes on a tiny branch. When the 8,865,220th fell into it, it broke.” I got his point and decided to do that I can to help protect the environment. Since you also think your effort doesn’t mean anything to the environment, think of the 8,865,220th snowflakes.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年河南洛阳高二下期中考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：其他题
汉译英
1.祝愿你成功学习英语！
I you to your English!
2.我擅长英语，不管是说还是写。
I am good at English, speaking writing.
3.祝贺你在英语竞赛中赢得一等奖。
your the first in the English contest.
4.如果我预付款的话是不是有折扣？
Is there a discount I pay ？
5.虽然他已经服用了很多维生素C,他的感冒还是没好。
he lots of Vitamin C, his cold hasn’t gone away.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年河南洛阳高二下期中考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：听力第三部分
Kenya is losing an average of 100 of its 2,000 lions each year because of growing human settlements, increasing farming, climate change and diseases，according to the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS).
“ Lions have a special place in Kenyans’life，” said Paul Udoto，a spokesman for the organization. “ Other than being the symbol of national strength, they are among the Big Five, a main attraction for visitors to Kenya. ”
There were 2,749 lions in Kenya in 2002 and Uieir population dropped to 2,280 by 2004 and to about 2,000 today, according to KWS figures.
“The fall of the lion population is worrying and every effort needs to be made to make sure that Kenya either protects its population of 2, 000 lions at present or increases the numbers to an ecologically acceptable level,” said Mr. Udoto.
“There is no doubt that the numbers are in free fall. I’ d be surprised if they even last as long as 20 years，” said Laurence Frank, project director of Living With Lions, a Kenya-based animal protection organization? i? When I first came here 30 years ago，I would always hear lions roaring across the land at night and see their tracks in the morning. Now that is very rare.
“The reason is simple。As the numbers of people grow and the numbers of cows increase they take up much of the lion’s space. Alongside that there are other ways, including poisoning 9 to kill lions. ”
Animal lovers are making a new strategy to save the animals. Part of the measures will include tracking lions fitted with radio collars in the Amboseli area in southern Kenya, close to the border with Tanzania.
Wildlife officials in Tanzania face similar challenges in protecting their lions, but there is far less human encroachment (侵入）on the animals’ homeland there than in Kenya,
1.What is the main reason of Kenya appreciating lions’ existence?
A. lions are the symbol of the national strength.
B. Lions are among the most endangered animals.
C. Lions are a subject of great concern to Kenyans.
D. Lions are the major appeal for foreign tourists.
2.What does Laurence Frank mean by saying “they even last as long as 20 years ”?
A. It is alarming that the number of lions is declining at a high speed.
B. It is amazing that he has tolerated the decline for such a long time.
C. It is fascinating that many evidences have proven the decline trend,
D.It is surprising that a lion should live as long as twenty years in Kenya.
3.In which aspect does the striking difference between Kenya and Tanzania in lion protection lie?
A.Climate changes.
B.Increasingly fanning.
C.Natural disasters*
D.Outbreaks of epidemics (流行病）.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年安徽黄山屯溪一中高一下期中考试英语卷（解析版） 题型：听力第三部分
When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science.
Robert Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, and Jennifer Leonard of the Smithsonian Institute, used DNA material—some of it unearthed by miners in Alaska—to conclude that today’s domestic dog originated in Asia and accompanied the first humans to the New World about 10,000 to 15,000 years ago. Wayne suggests that man’s best friend may have enabled the tough journey from Asia into North America. “Dogs may have been the reason people made it across the land bridge,” said Wayne. “They can pull things, carry things, defend you from fierce animals, and they’re useful to eat.”
Researchers have agreed that today’s dog is the result of the domestication(驯化) of wolves thousands of years ago. Before this recent study, a common thought about the precise origin of North America’s domestic dog was that Natives domesticated local wolves, the descendents(后代) of which now live with people in Alaska, Canada, and the Lower 48.
Dog remains from a Fairbanks-area gold mine helped the scientists reach their conclusion. Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost(永冻层) until Fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s. The miners donated the preserved bones to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, where they remained untouched for more than 70 years. After borrowing the bones from the museum, Leonard and her colleagues used radiocarbon techniques to find the age of the Alaska dogs. They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A.D., before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. The bones of dogs that wandered the Fairbanks area centuries ago should therefore be the remains of “pure native American dogs,” Leonard said. The DNA of the Fairbanks dogs would also expose whether they were the descendents of wolves from North America.
Along with the Fairbanks samples, the researchers collected DNA from bones of 37 dog specimens(标本) from Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia that existed before the arrival of Columbus. In the case of both the Alaska dogs and the dogs from Latin America, the researchers found that they shared the most genetic material with gray wolves of Europe and Asia. This supports the idea of domestic dogs entering the New World with the first human explorers who wandered east over the land bridge.
Leonard and Wayne’s study suggests that dogs joined the first humans that made the adventure across the Bering Land Bridge to slowly populate the Americas. Wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along. “Dogs must have been useful because they were expensive to keep,” Wayne said. “They didn’t feed on mice; they fed on meat, which was a very guarded resource.”
1. The underlined word “remains” is closed in meaning to ______.
A. leftover food B. dead bodies
C. animal waste. D. living environmet
2.According to the study described in Paragraph 4, we can learn that ______.
A. the bones studied were not from dogs brought into North America by Europeans
B. the 11 bones of ancient dogs are not from native American dogs
C. the bones discovered by the gold miners were from North American wolves
D. ancient dogs entered North America between 1450 and 1675 AD
3.What can we know from the passage?
A. Native Americans domesticated local wolves into dogs.
B. Ancient dogs entered North America across the Bering Land Bridge.
C. Latin America’s dogs are different from North America’s in genes.
D. Scientists discovered some ancient dog remains in 1920s.
4.The first humans into the New World brought dogs along with them because ______.
A. dogs fed on mice
B. dogs were easy to keep
C. dogs helped protect their resources
D. dogs could provide excellent service
5.The passage mainly talks about ______.
A. the origin of the North American dogs
B. the DNA study of ancient dogs in America
C. the reasons why early people entered America
D. the difference between Asian and American dogs
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年山西大同市高一下期中考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Memory, they say, is a matter of practice and exercise. 1. But even if you are successful, there are times when your memory seems to play tricks on you.
2. One morning last week, for example, I got up and found that I had left the front door unlocked all night, yet I clearly remember locking it carefully the night before.
3. Once in a while you remember not doing something, and then find out that you did. One day last month, for example, I was sitting in a barber（理发师）shop waiting for my turn to get a haircut, and suddenly I realized that I had got a haircut two days before at the barber shop across the street from my office.
We always seem to find something funny and amusing（有趣的）in incidents caused by people’s forgetfulness or absent-mindedness. 4. Unfortunately, however, absent-mindedness is not always funny. 5.
A. Stories about absent-minded professors have been told for years, and we never got tired of hearing new ones.
B. Memory “trick” work the other way as well.
C. If you have the wish and really made a conscious（自觉的）effort, then you can quite easily improve your ability to remember things.
D. Generally forgetting things is serious and dangerous.
E. It is necessary to remember the way to protect yourself from memory “tricks”.
F. There are times when “trick” of our memory can cause us great trouble.
G. Sometimes you remember things that really did not happen.
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