7．Make Up Your Mind to SucceedKind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure．The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because"everyone's a winner．"And their report cards sounded more positive than ever before．As a result，Stanford University professor Carol Dweck，PhD，calls them"the overpraised generation．"
Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years．Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it．Here's how they work：
A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent is genetic-you're a born artist，point guard，or numbers person．The fixed mind-set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame．When things get difficult，it's quick to blame，lie，and even stay away from future difficulties．
On the other hand，a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible．Because the ego （自尊） isn't on the line as much，the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame．When faced with a difficulty，it's quick to rethink，change and try again．In fact，it enjoys this experience．
We are all born with growth mind-sets．（Otherwise，we wouldn't be able to live in the world．） But parents，teachers，and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise．Dweck's book，Mind-set：The New Psychology of Success，and online instructional program explain this in depth．But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children，grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure．
28．What does the author think about the present generation？D
A．They don't do well at school．
B．They are often misunderstood．
C．They are eager to win in sports．
D．They are given too much praise．
29．A fixed mind-set person is probably one whoC．
A．cannot share his ideas with others
B．cares a lot about personal safety
C．doesn't want to work hard
D．can succeed with the help of teachers
30．What does the growth mind-set believe？B
A．Admitting failure is shameful．
B．Getting over difficulties is enjoyable．
C．Scores should be highly valued．
D．Talent comes with one's birth．
31．What should parents do for their children based on Dweck's study？A
A．Encourage them to learn from failures．
B．Prevent them from making mistakes．
C．Guide them in doing little things．
D．Help them grow with praise．
分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了人们对于Afixed mind-set 和a growth mind-set的看法以及在教育方面的建议．
解答 28．D．细节理解题．根据第一段The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because"everyone's a winner．"And their report cards sounded more positive than ever before．As a result，Stanford University professor Carol Dweck，PhD，calls them"the overpraised generation．"
．说明这是被过度表扬的一代，故D正确．
29．C．细节理解题．根据第三段The fixedmind-set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort and regards failureas personal shame．When things get difficult，it's quick to blame，lie，andeven stay away from future difficulties．说明他们认为不努力也能成功，故C正确．
30．B．推理判断题．根据第四段1，2行On the other hand，a growth mind-set believes that notalent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everythingpossible．说明这样的人认为通过努力就可以取得成功．故B正确．
31．A．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段2，3行But parents，teachers，and instructors often push usinto fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise．说明父母老师应该鼓励他们．故A正确．
点评 本文是一个科教类阅读，题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．
