Not until recently ______the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
A. they had encouraged B. had they encouraged
C. did they encourage D. they encouraged
科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年浙江台州书生中学高一下期中考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：其他题
单句翻译
1.李华的英语说得非常好，就好像他是英国人。(as if)
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2.大家都知道，适量的运动有益于我们的健康。(be of benefit to ; be well known; proper )
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3.你最好向他道歉,毕竟你不该在公众场合责骂他。(apologize; should; scold)
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4.老师总是提醒我们学生应该按时完成作业。（ought to; remind…that）
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5.中国和日本都有中秋节，这时，人们会赏月。 (when)
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年河南商丘第一高级中学高二下期中考试英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
New crime prediction software should reduce not only the murder rate, but the rate of other crimes. Developed by Richard Berk, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, the software has already used in Baltimore and Philadelphia to predict which individuals on probation(缓刑) or parole(假释) are most likely to murder and to be murdered.
“When a person goes on probation or parole he is supervised(监督) by an officer. The question is ‘what level of supervision is appropriate?’” said Berk. It used to be that parole officers used the person’s criminal record, and their judgment to make decisions.
“This research replaces those seat-of-the –pants calculations,” he said.
Technology helps determine level of supervision. On average there is one murder for every 100,000 people. Even among high-risk groups the murder rate is one in 100. Predicting such a rare event is very difficult, but advances in computer technology works.
Years ago, the researchers made a dataset of more than 60,000 various crimes. Using the software they developed, they found some much more likely to commit murder when paroled or probated. They could identify eight future murderers out of 100.
Berk’s software examines roughly two dozen variables(可变因素), from criminal record to geographic location. The type of crimes, and more importantly, the age at which that crime was committed, were two of the most predictive variables.
“People assume that if someone murdered then they will murder in the future,” said Berk. “ What really matters is what that person did as a young individual. Predicting future crimes sounds well. But we aren’t anywhere near being able to do that.”
“Berk’s scientific answer leaves policymakers with difficult questions. By labeling one group of people as high risk, and supervise them closely, there should be fewer murders, which the potential victims should be happy about. It also means that those high-risk individuals will be supervised more aggressively. For human rights advocates, that means punishing people who, most likely, will not commit a crime in the future,” said Bushway. “It comes down to a question of whether you would rather make these errors or those errors.”
1.The underlined words(in Para.3) probably mean___.
A. calculations based on subjective opinions
B. calculations based on widespread voting
C. calculations made by advanced technology
D. calculations based on serious considering
2.For 650 people with crime records, how many potential murderers would the software find?
A. 65. B. 13. C. 52. D. 65.
3.From Para 7, we can infer that______.
A. the technology developed by Richard Berk will soon be widely used in the US
B. the technology would not be widely accepted in the short term
C. whether a person murders or not largely decided by his upbringing while young
D. if a person murdered when he was fifty, he is sure to murder again while on probation
4.Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Closely Supervise Potential Murders
B. Measures Taken to Prevent Criminal Behavior
C. Technology Revolutionizes Judges’ Way of Working
D. Software is Developed to Predict Criminal Behavior
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（上海卷参考版） 题型：完形填空
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
In any case, despite so much evidence to the , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.
1.A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike
2.A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme
3.A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise
4.A. outside B. inside C. below D. above
5.A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging
6.A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply
7.A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression
8.A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male
9.A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing
10.A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating
11.A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared
12.A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally
13.A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure
14.A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene
15.A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（江苏卷参考版） 题型：阅读理解
阅读理解
请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
C
El Nifio, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.
The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.
But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱）in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.
The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.
Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施）can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道）make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.
1. What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?
A. It is named after a South American fisherman.
B. It takes place almost every year all over the world.
C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.
D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.
2. What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected?
A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.
B. Droughts become more harmful than floods.
C. Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses.
D. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.
3. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that
A. more investment should go to risk reduction
B. governments of poor countries need more aid
C. victims of El Nino deserve more compensation
D. recovery and reconstruction should come first
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To introduce El Nino and its origin.
B. To explain the consequences of El Nino.
C. To show ways of fighting against El Nino.
D. To urge people to prepare for El Nino.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（江苏卷参考版） 题型：单项填空
Dashan, who crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up
with the Western stand-up tradition.
A. will be learning B. is learning
C. had been learning D. has been learning
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（江苏卷参考版） 题型：单项填空
More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
A. are made B. will be made
C. are being made D. have been made
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（浙江卷参考版） 题型：单项填空
A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience , ______ if you are travelling at high speed.
A. eventually B. strangely
C. merely D. especially
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（四川卷参考版） 题型：阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
C
In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.
The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman form Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.
“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,” says Gin. “I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don’t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”
“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,” continues Gin. “I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”
His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.
1. Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?
A. They seldom follow the French law.
B. They often ignore the Guianese law.
C. They are separated from the modern world.
D. They are both Guianese and French citizens.
2. Gin introduced the special world of the indigenous Guianese as _________.
A. a tour guide
B. a geographer
C. a film director
D. a photographer
3.What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?
A. Cautious.
B. Doubtful.
C. Uninterested.
D. Appreciative.
4. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. The modern French lifestyle.
B. The self-supporting hunting.
C. The uncivilized hunting.
D. The French Republic.
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