Question

When we say older people shrink, we don’t mean they become tiny enough to fit in your pocket! We just mean that it’s common for older people to become a little shorter over time. This kind of shrinking can’t be reversed, although people can slow or stop this process. But why does shrinking happen at all?
Because of gravity (that force that keeps your feet on the ground) , cushions between the bones in the spine (脊骨), get compressed (压缩), which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter.
Another reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis (骨质疏松). Osteoporosis occurs when bone is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it’s not being replaced. Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured.
Older people — especially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with — are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis can get small breaks in bones that are called compression fractures. These breaks cause collapse of the spine and over time the person with osteoporosis can become hunched over (驼背).
Did you know that every day you shrink a little, too? You aren’t as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. That’s because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter. Don’t worry, though. Once you get a good night’s rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, you’re standing tall again!
Smoking and drinking alcohol can make this problem worse. Want to do something right now to build strong bones? I believe what I say will help you.
【小题1】Which of the following statements is true?

A．For shrinking, people can do nothing about it.

B．If someone is injured, he will become shorter.

C．Women have smaller and lighter bones than men.

D．We aren’t as tall at the end of the day as we are at the beginning.

【小题2】What should we do if we don’t want to shrink faster?

A．We should try to reduce gravity.

B．We should be careful not to be hurt by others.

C．We should sleep as long as possible.

D．We should keep away from smoking and drinking alcohol.

【小题3】What is the topic of the passage?

A．How can we stop shrinking?

B．Why do we shrink?

C．Some tips on how to keep tall.

D．How to live a healthy life.

【小题4】About osteoporosis we know that _______.

A．gravity is one of the causes of osteoporosis

B．once our bone is broken down, osteoporosis will occur

C．women are more likely to develop osteoporosis

D．if we develop osteoporosis, we are more likely to be shorter

【小题5】What will the author talk about in the paragraph to be followed?

A．Tell us how to grow taller.

B．Tell us how to become healthier.

C．Tell us how to avoid being shrinking.

D．Tell us what to do to have strong bones.

Answer 1

【小题1】D
【小题2】D
【小题3】B
【小题4】D
【小题5】D

解析试题分析：本文主要阐述了人变矮的现象，分析了人变矮的原因，原来是因为我们的骨头发生了变化，如骨质疏松等。
【小题1】D 细节题。根据文章倒数第二段第二句You aren’t as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning.可知人在早晨要比晚上要更高，故D正确。
【小题2】D 推理题。根据文章最后一段Smoking and drinking alcohol can make this problem worse. Want to do something right now to build strong bones? I believe what I say will help you.
可知抽烟和喝酒会让情况更严重，那么如果你不想变矮，那么你就不要抽烟和喝酒。故D正确。
【小题3】B 主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段最后一句But why does shrinking happen at all?
可知本文讲述的主要是为什么人会收缩，变矮？故B正确。
【小题4】D 细节题。根据文章第三段第一句Another reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis (骨质疏松).可知骨质疏松也是人变矮的原因之一，也就是书如果一个人患了骨质疏松，那么他也可能变矮。故D正确。
【小题5】D 推理题。本文主要分析了人变矮的原因，原来是因为我们的骨头发生了变化，如骨质疏松等。接下来应该具体说明我们如何让自己的骨头变得更为坚固。故D正确。
考点：考察科普说明文阅读
点评：本文主要阐述了人变矮的现象，分析了人变矮的原因。本文以细节题的考查为主，细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。