Question

【题目】 Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland in 1881 and his parents were both farmers. He moved to London in 1895 and finished his basic education. Fleming entered the medical field in 1901, studying at St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School. While at St. Mary’s, he won the 1908 gold medal as top medical student.

A position at St. Mary’s Hospital led him to the then-new field of bacteriology(细菌学). During World War I, Fleming served in the Royal Army Medical Corps. At the time, antiseptics(抗菌剂) were commonly used. Fleming discovered that their destructive effects on the body were greater than their ability to break down harmful bacteria. Therefore, more soldiers were dying from antiseptic treatment(治疗) than from bacterial harm.

Fleming suggested that, for more effective treatment, wounds simply be kept dry and clean. However, his idea largely got ignored because of the difficult conditions. Returning to St. Mary’s after the war, in 1918, Fleming worked as the assistant director of St. Mary’s.

In September 1928, Fleming returned to his lab after a month away with his family, and was surprised to notice that a type of bacteria he had left out had become polluted by a mold(霉菌). The bacteria surrounding this mold had been destroyed. He realized that he discovered the world’s first bacteria killer. It was later named “penicillin”.

Further development of penicillin was not a one-man operation, so Fleming employed two young researchers. Penicillin finally came into use during World War II and Fleming won the Nobel Prize in 1945.

【1】What do we know about Fleming?

A.He began to study medicine at the age of 14.

B.He completed his basic education in Scotland.

C.He had excellent performance while in college.

D.He started his career due to his parents’ influence.

【2】What did Fleming find during World War I?

A.The British army suffered from a lack of antiseptics.

B.Few people wanted to study the field of bacteriology.

C.Soldiers had limited knowledge of treating their wounds.

D.Antiseptics did more harm than good to wounded soldiers.

【3】What does Paragraph 4 imply?

A.Fleming discovered penicillin quite by accident.

B.Penicillin was Fleming’s first well-known discovery.

C.Penicillin was later put into use by Fleming’s students.

D.Fleming made a mistake while preparing for an operation.

【4】How does the author organize the text?

A.By providing data.B.By giving examples.

C.By making comparisons.D.By following time order.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】A

【4】D

【解析】

这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍发现了青霉素，荣获诺贝尔奖的英国细菌学家，生物化学家，微生物学家Alexander Fleming。

【1】细节理解题。根据第一段中的Fleming entered the medical field in 1901, studying at St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School. While at St. Mary’s, he won the 1908 gold medal as top medical student.“弗莱明1901年进入医学领域，在圣玛丽医院医学院学习。在圣玛丽医院时，他在1908年以优秀医学生的身份获得金牌了金牌。”可知，Fleming在大学时成绩优异。故选C。

【2】细节理解题。根据第二段中Fleming discovered that their destructive effects on the body were greater than their ability to break down harmful bacteria. Therefore, more soldiers were dying from antiseptic treatment(治疗) than from bacterial harm.“弗莱明发现，它们对人体的破坏性影响远远大于它们分解有害细菌的能力。因此，死于抗菌剂的士兵比死于细菌伤害的士兵多。”可知，在第一次世界大战中Fleming发现抗菌剂对受伤的士兵弊大于利。故选D。

【3】推理判断题。根据第四段In September 1928, Fleming returned to his lab after a month away with his family, and was surprised to notice that a type of bacteria he had left out had become polluted by a mold(霉菌). The bacteria surrounding this mold had been destroyed. He realized that he discovered the world’s first bacteria killer. It was later named “penicillin”.“1928年9月，弗莱明离开家一个月后回到实验室，惊讶地发现，他遗漏的一种细菌被霉菌污染了。这个霉菌周围的细菌已经被消灭了。他意识到他发现了世界上第一个细菌杀手。后来被命名为‘盘尼西林’。”由此判断出，第四段暗示弗莱明偶然发现了青霉素。故选A。

【4】推理判断题。根据第一段中He moved to London in 1895 and finished his basic education. Fleming entered the medical field in 1901, studying at St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School. While at St. Mary’s, he won the 1908 gold medal as top medical student.第二段中During World War I, Fleming served in the Royal Army Medical Corps.第三段中Returning to St. Mary’s after the war, in 1918,第四段中In September 1928,和最后一段中Penicillin finally came into use during World War II and Fleming won the Nobel Prize in 1945.由此判断出，作者是按时间顺序组织文章的。故选D。

推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude indicate等标志性词语。本题第3小题，根据第四段In September 1928, Fleming returned to his lab after a month away with his family, and was surprised to notice that a type of bacteria he had left out had become polluted by a mold(霉菌). The bacteria surrounding this mold had been destroyed. He realized that he discovered the world’s first bacteria killer. It was later named “penicillin”.“1928年9月，弗莱明离开家一个月后回到实验室，惊讶地发现，他遗漏的一种细菌被霉菌污染了。这个霉菌周围的细菌已经被消灭了。他意识到他发现了世界上第一个细菌杀手。后来被命名为‘盘尼西林’。”由此可知，第四段暗示弗莱明偶然发现了青霉素。故选A。