16.In a society such as the United States or Canada,which has many national,religious,and cultural differences,people highly value individualism (个人主义)-the differences among people.Teachers place a lot of importance on the qualities that make each student special.The educational systems in these countries show these values.Students do not memorize information.Instead,they work individually and find answers themselves.There is often discussion in the classroom.At an early age,students learn to form their own ideas and opinions.
In most Asian societies,on the contrary,people have the same language,history,and culture.Perhaps for this reason,the educational system in much of the Orient (东方的) reflects society's belief in group goals and purposes rather than individualism.Children in China,Japan,and Korea often work together and help one another on assignments.In the classroom,the teaching methods are often very formal.The teacher lectures,and the students listen.There is not much discussion.Instead,the students repeat rules or information that they have memorized.
There are advantages and disadvantages to both of these systems of education.For example,one advantage to the system in Japan is that students there learn much more math and science than American students learn by the end of high school.They also study more hours each day and more days each year than North Americans do.The system is difficult,but it prepares students for a society that values discipline and self-control.There is,however,a disadvantage.Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools,yet many students say that after an exam,they forget much of the information they have memorized.
The advantage of the educational system in North America,on the other hand,is that students learn to think for themselves.The system prepares them for a society that values creative ideas.There is,however,a disadvantage.When students graduate from high school,they haven't memorized as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have.
32.The reason why American teachers attach much importance to individualism is thatC.
A.they are required to do so
B.their students do not memorize information
C.the United States is a country of many cultures
D.their students work individually
33.Which of the following statements applies to Asian methods of education?C
A.Each child in a classroom draws a different picture.
B.students have to find information themselves.
C.Students are prepared for a society that values discipline.
D.Teachers serve as a guide in discussion.
34.A good educational system would be the one thatB.
A.has more advantages
B.is the combination of Western and Oriental methods
C.is based on the Western system
D.rests on the Asian system
35.The author focuses onA.
A.the differences in methods of education orient and west
B.the advantages and disadvantages to both of the Western and Asian educational system
C.how Asian school systems reflect group goals
D.how Western school systems reflect the value of individualism.
分析 本文讨论的是东西方教育系统的不同之处.在西方人们强调高度尊重个人和人与人之间的差异.教师极其重视每个学生的不同特性,而在东方,由于相同的语言、历史和文化,其教育系统强调集体主义和团结协合精神,上课时教师讲,学生听,讨论并不多.文章最后谈到了两种教育系的优缺点.
解答 32.C;细节理解题.根据文中"In a society such as the United States or Canada,which has many national,religious,and cultural differences,people highly value individualism (个人主义)-the differences among people."可知美国教师高度重视个人主义的原因是美国是一个多文化的国家.故选C.
33.C;细节理解题.根据文中"it prepares students for a society that values discipline and self-control"(它为学生们准备了一个价值观自律和自我控制的社会),可知学生们为一个重视纪律的社会做好准备适用于亚洲的教育方法,故选C.
34.B;推理判断题.文章最后谈到了两种教育系各有优缺点.所以我们可以推断出一个好的教育体系是西方和东方方法的结合,B符合语境,故选B.
35.A;主旨大意题.通读全文可知,本文讨论的是东西方教育系统的不同之处,A符合题意,故选A.
点评 本文考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力以及细心程度,只要抓住文章的关键词,采用寻读的方法查找细节,就能找到正确答案.