Question

【题目】阅读理解。

The term “smog” was first used in London during the early 1900's to describe the combination of smoke and fog. What we typically call “smog” today is a mixture of pollutants but is primarily made up of groundlevel ozone (臭氧)．

Ozone can be beneficial or harmful depending on where it stays. The ozone staying high above the Earth protects human health and the environment, but groundlevel ozone is responsible for the choking, coughing, and painful eyes associated with smog. The ozone in smog also prevents plants growth and can cause widespread damage to crops and forest.

Major smog occurrences often are linked to heavy motor vehicle traffic, high temperatures, sunshine, and calm winds. Weather and geography affect the position and severity of smog. Because temperature regulates the length of time it takes for smog to form, smog can form faster and be more severe on a hot and sunny day. When warm air stays near the ground instead of rising and winds are calm, smog may stay trapped over your city for days. As traffic and other sources add more pollutants to the air, the smog gets worse. Smog is often more severe away from the pollution sources because the chemical reactions that cause smog occur in the atmosphere while the reacting chemicals are being moved by the wind.

Smog is a visible example of air pollution. You can look into the distance during the day to see how much smog there is in the air. span>In addition, most cities measure the concentrations of pollutants in the air and report the results to the public.

Environmental Protection Agency sets national standards for pollutants. Areas that fail to meet the standards for at least one air pollutant are called “nonattainment (不达标) areas”. New measures are being taken by local governments across the country to reduce air pollution in nonattainment areas. These include: banning charcoal barbecues and wood burning in stoves or fireplaces when pollution levels are high; developing programs to encourage carpooling and voluntary “ozone actions”； limiting traffic in overcrowded areas; expanding or improving public transportation systems; requiring employers to contribute to employee public transportation costs; assessing “smog fees” on cars according to the number of miles driven and vehicle emissions (排放) produced; and even buying and breaking up older “superdirty” cars.

【1】According to the passage, groundlevel ozone can______.

A．damage the environment

B．benefit human health

C．protect crops and forest

D．limit the spread of smog

【2】Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Air quality is better in time of calm wind.

B．Smog is more severe near pollution sources.

C．It takes more time for smog to form in hot weather.

D．Chemical reactions occur in the moving air and cause smog.

【3】Which indication shows more exact the air is poor?

A．Heavy motor vehicle traffic in big cities.

B．Widespread damage of crops and forest.

C．Clear outlines of hills in the distance.

D．High concentrations of pollutants in the air.

【4】What is included in the measures being taken by the local governments?

A．Uncondtional banning of wood burning.

B．Encouraging carpooling and public transportation.

C．Charging all the vehicles more “smog fees”．

D．Buying new cars to replace superdirty old cars.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】D

【3】D

【4】B

【解析】

试题分析：

【1】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...but groundlevel ozone is ... damage to crops and forest.”可知，地平面上的臭氧对环境和人体是有坏处的。故选A。

【2】正误判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的“because the chemical reactions ... by the wind”可知，化学反应在流动的空气里发生并且导致了烟雾。故选D。

【3】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，空气中高浓度的污染物能较准确地表明空气质量差。故选D。

【4】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“developing programs to encourage carpooling...”以及“expanding or improving public transportation systems” 可知，地方政府采取的措施包括鼓励人们拼车，扩大和改进公共交通运输体系等。故选B。