Question

【题目】Some pigs lend to be optimistic while others have a more pessimistic view, according to a new research that is meaningful to animal welfare. The study, published in the journal Biology Letters, is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment.

Asher, a researcher at the University of Newcastle's Institute of Neurowcience, and her team housed groups of pigs in the two types of environments. One reflected sandard commercial conditions and the other was cushier with more space and plenty of sell, deep straw. After the pigs got accustomed to these new homes over a few weeks, the rescarchers picked 18 pigs from each type of housing arrangement to train and test their judgment.

"To do this, we trained each pig that in one corner of a training room there would be a bowl with chocolate sweets — specifically M&Ms, pigs love M&Ms — and in a bowl at the opposite side of the room there would be a bowl that would contain coffee beans, which pigs find bitter-tasting," senior author Lisa Collins of the University of Lincoln's School of Life Sciences said.

Over a number of training trials, pigs learned to go to the bowl reliably when it was in the corner where they had figured out to expect M&Ms. On the contrary, they quickly learned to avoid the bowl when it wasn't in the corner where they would expect to find the coffee beans.

The rescearchers next placed an unfamimliar bowl in different locations, to see how the pigs would react. Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what, exhibiting optimism that it would contain their favorite foods. Others, however, behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans, displaying pessimism.

The findings suggest that a one-size-fits-all answer to animal welfare issues does not exist. Even if pigs are just equal to bacon or other meal for some people, there is still cause for concern. Students have suggested that how an animal is treated during its lifetime can directly affect meal quality and taste.

【1】What was the study devoted to figuring out?

A. The influence of pigs' living environment.

B. The influence between humans and pigs.

C. The didferences of two types of pigs' personality.

D. The relationship between pigs' mood and judgment.

【2】What does the underlined word “cushier” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. simple. B. more comfortable.

C. non-profitable. D. less free.

【3】Which bowl can test whether a pig is optimistic or pessimistic?

A. The bowl with chocolate sweets.

B. The bowl containing coffee beans.

C. The bowl full of both sweets and beans.

D. The bowl unfamiliar to two types of pigs.

【4】What do the findings of the new research imply?

A. People should treat pigs equally.

B. People's health relies on meat quality.

C. People should meet pigs' various needs.

D. People's attitude toward pigs is totally wrong.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】

试题分析：本文介绍了发表在《生物学通讯》上的一篇文章，该文章通过实验证明了“猪的情绪与判断的关系”，表明人们应该满足猪的需要。

【1】D推理判断题。根据第一段第二句The study, published in the journal Biology Letters, is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment.可知，研究的目的是为了弄明白“猪的情绪与判断的关系”。故选D。

【2】B词义猜测题。根据第二段中the other was cushier with more space and plenty of sell, deep straw.（另一个是有更多空间和充足的稻草的舒适环境），可推知划线单词的意思是“舒适的”，故选B。

【3】D细节理解题。根据第五段The researchers next placed an unfamimliar bowl in different locations, to see how the pigs would react. Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what, exhibiting optimism that it would contain their favorite foods. Others, however, behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans, displaying pessimism.可知，对两种猪不熟悉的碗能测试出猪是乐观还是悲观。故选D。

【4】C推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句The findings suggest that a one –size-fits-all answer to animal welfare issues does not exist. Students have suggested that how an animal is treated during its lifetime can directly affect meal quality and taste.可知，这项发现表明对于动物福利课题的一体适用方案是不存在的，动物一生中如何被对待直接影响到膳食质量和口感，也就是对猪好一点，它将来的肉可能好吃点，也就是人们应该满足猪的各种需要。故选C。

【学法指导】

任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。最常见的就是利用上下文语境、常识和语法关系推断词义。1.抓住所需推断词汇前后的“mean”或系动词或破折号等直接定义该词的部分。2.抓住文章主旨与该段所表达的中心。特别对于议论文要牢记论点与论据的相互支撑关系。【2】B词义猜测题。根据第二段中the other was cushier with more space and plenty of sell另一种是更舒适的空间和充足的销售点，可知划线单词的意思是“舒适的”，故选B。