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8.How can you tell if someone's lying?The answer is,they're probably not.
Traditional economics says that people are(1)D human beings who will lie if it's to their advantage.A recent university study has shown that,actually,we're pretty(2)A--especially when we're  at home.
Researchers in Germany(3)C people at home and asked them to toss(投掷) a coin.There was a strong (4)B incentive(刺激) to lie about the result:if the coin landed tails-up,the participants  would receive money,while if the coin landed heads-up,they would get nothing.Because they were  on the phone,they knew there was no (5)D of getting caught ifthey lied.
And yet people told the (6)B.Over hundreds of tosses,a coin will land tails-up about 50% of the time.In this (7)D 0ver halfthe people asked (55.6%) said that the coin landed heads-up,which meant they would receive nothing.
Previous studies had found that people were more (8)D.In those laboratory studies,75% of people reported a(9)Ccoin and asked for a reward.So the research team thinks it's being in our own homes that makes us play fair,although it's not yet clear why.
In fact both types of study show people are surprisingly(10)A.Even in the laboratory,25% of people (11)B a reward by telling the truth.The researchers say this is because honesty is (12)Avalued in human society.We care about our(13)D and our sense of ourselves as decent(体面的) people.So lying has a psychological(14)C and it seems this cost is more important than the financialbenefits of(15)B.

l. A.poorB.kindC.generousD.reasonable
2. A.honestB.strictC.calmD.afraid
3. A.visitedB.sawC.phonedD.caught
4. A.mentalB.financialC.technicalD.educational
5. A.ideaB.needC.evidenceD.risk
6. A.differenceB.truthC.storyD.secret
7. A.caseB.interviewC.speechD.study
8. A.faithfulB.gratefulC.disappointedD.dishonest
9. A.missingB.losingC.winningD.shining
10.A.reliableB.greedyC.braveD.wealthy
ll.A.receivedB.refusedC.wonD.required
12.A.highlyB.normallyC.formallyD.poorly
13.A.moneyB.familyC.jobsD.reputation
14.A.reasonB.effectC.costD.function
15.A.studyingB.lyingC.phoningD.reporting

分析 本文属于说明文类的短文阅读.主要介绍了人们通常会在什么样的环境下撒谎,以及诚实这一优秀品质在我们的生活中的重要作用.

解答 1-15  DACBD BDDCA BADCB
1.D.考查形容词.poor贫穷的;kind有好的;generous大方的;reasonable合理的,公道的.人们是讲道理的人;如果对他们有利他们将撒谎,故选D.
2.A.考查形容词.honest诚实的; strict 严格的;  calm平静的; afraid害怕的.最近的研究表明,我们非常诚实的,尤其在家的时候,故选A.
3.C.考查动词.visit参观;see看见;phone打电话;catch抓住.根据Because they were  on the phone可知应是打电话,故选C.
4.B.考查形容词.mental精神上的;financial财政的; technical科技的; educational教育的.根据if the coin landed tails-up,the participants  would receive money,有一个财政刺激,故选B.
5.D.考查名词.idea主意; need 需要; evidence 证据; risk冒险.因为是在电话.如果他们撒谎了,他们知道也不会冒着被抓住的风险,故选D.
6.B.考查名词.difference不同; truth 实情; story故事; secret秘密.然而都说了实情,故选B.
7.D.考查名词.case 情况; interview采访; speech 演讲; study学习,研究.根据Previous studies had found that people were more可知在这次调查研究中,故选D.
8.D.考查形容词.faithful忠实的; grateful感激的; disappointed 失望的; dishonest不诚实的.根Over hundreds of tosses,a coin will land tails-up about 50% of the time.In this    7    0ver half the people asked (55.6%) said that the coin landed heads-up,which meant they would receive nothing.可知以前的研究是不诚实的,故选D.
9.C.考查形容词.missing失踪的; losing失败的; winning胜利的;shining光亮的.在这次研究中发现75%的人说是赢的那面,故选C.
10.A.考查形容词.reliable可靠的; greedy贪婪的; brave勇敢的;wealthy富有的,充分的.事实上这两种研究表明人们是可以信赖的,故选A.
11.B.考查动词.receive收到; refuse拒绝; win 赢; require要求.25%的人由于讲了实情而赢得了奖金,故选B.
12.A.考查副词.highly 高度地; normally通常地; formally 正式地; poorly不充分地.研究表明在人类社会中诚实是被高度重视的,故选A.
13.D.考查名词.money钱; family家庭; jobs 工作; reputation名声.我们在乎我们的名声,故选D.
14.C.考查名词.reason理由; effect影响; cost费用,损失; function功能.根据it seems this cost is more important than the financialbenefits of…,撒谎有心理的损失或伤害,故选C.
15.B.考查动名词.studying研究; lying 撒谎; phoning打电话; reporting报告.这种精神上的伤害比撒谎带来的一些利益要重要的多,故选B.

点评 解答此类题目应先浏览全文,概括大意,再根据句子间的提示以及上下文信息提示,依据语法规则和行为逻辑来推测并填写合适的词语.

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