阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Language is the most astonishing behavior in the animal kingdom. It is the species-typical behavior that sets humans completely 36 from all other animals. Language is a means of 37 , but it is much more than that. Many animals can 38 . The dance of the honeybee communicates the location of flowers 39 other members of the hive (蜂群). But human language permits communication about anything, 40 things like unicorns (独角兽) that have never existed. The key 41 in the fact that different words can be 42 together in different ways, according to 43 to communicate different meanings.
Language is the most important learning we do. Nothing can 44 humans so much as our ability to communicate abstract 45 , whether about the university, the mind, love, dreams, or ordering a drink. It is an extremely complex 46 that we take for granted. Indeed, we are not aware of most 47 of our speech and understanding. Consider what happens when one person is speaking to 48 . The speaker has to translate thoughts into 49 language. Brain imaging studies suggest that the time from thoughts to the 50 of speech is extremely fast. Only 0.04 seconds! The listener must hear the sounds to 51 what the speaker means. He must use the sounds of speech to 52 the spoken words, understand the pattern of 53 of the words (sentences), and finally 54 the meaning. This takes somewhat longer, a minimum of about 0.5 seconds. But once started, it is of course a(n) 55 process.
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【小题1】A
【小题2】B
【小题3】D
【小题4】A
【小题5】C
【小题6】D
【小题7】B
【小题8】A
【小题9】C
【小题10】B
【小题11】C
【小题12】A
【小题13】B
【小题14】D
【小题15】C
【小题16】D
【小题17】A
【小题18】B
【小题19】D
【小题20】C
解析试题分析：文章大意：本文讲述的是，人类区别于其他物种的典型行为--语言。第一段开门见山，指出语言的独特性，与其他动物的交流的不同之处。第二段详细说明了语言的工作机制。
【小题1】考查固定短语。set...apart from...将......与......分开。语言，这种物种典型行为将人类与其他物种区分开来。故选A。
【小题2】考查名词辨析。语言是一种交流的工具，但又不仅仅是用来交流的。A广告；B交流；C发现；D发明。故选B。
【小题3】考查动词辨析。语言这种典型行为不仅仅是用于交流的，许多动物也能交流。A转移，换乘；B移动；C表达；D交流。故选D。
【小题4】考查介词辨析。蜜蜂通过舞蹈来告诉蜂群中的其它同伴鲜花的位置。to可以表示方向，翻译为“给”；故选A。
【小题5】考查副词辨析。人类语言能够交流任何事物，甚至根本不存在的独角兽。根据句意可知，此处表示递进，故选C。
【小题6】考查短语辨析。关键在于，不同的词可以根据不同的方法组合在一起。lie in存在于......；故选D。
【小题7】考查动词辨析。不同的词可以根据不同的方法组合在一起。be joined together被结合在一起；故选B。
【小题8】考查名词辨析。根据（有关）规则，把不同的词组合起来，表达不同的意思。scales比例；laws法律，原理；standards标准；rules规则，惯例；故选A。
【小题9】考查动词辨析。没有什么能像语言一样，能（明确）定义人类表达抽象想法的能力。A结合；B包含；C定义；D声称，宣布。故选C。
【小题10】考查名词辨析。人类特有的能力之一就是，能够把思考后的想法表达出来。A活动；B想法；C效果；D机会。abstract thoughts抽象的想法，故选B。
【小题11】考查名词辨析。表达头脑中的想法，是一个极其复杂的过程，A期望；B进步；C进程，过程；D生产。take ...for granted想当然。故选C。
【小题12】考查名词辨析。我们也不完全了解我们讲话和理解（的机制）的各个方面。A方面；B抽象概念；C角度；D假设。故选A。
【小题13】考查代词。A任何人；B另一个；C其它；D每个人。another泛指三者以上的另一个；other后加名词复数；故选B。
【小题14】考查名词短语。说话者需要把想法转换成口语。Spoken language口语，故选D。
【小题15】考查动名词。脑成像研究表明，从想法到话语的开始，这种转换所用的时间很短。故选C。
【小题16】考查短语辨析。听者必须听清说话者发出的声音，才能理解他说的是什么。A扑灭；B记下；C使停下；D计算出，弄明白。故选D。
【小题17】考查动词辨析。听者必须利用听到的声音来识别出所传递的单词。A识别；B定位；C揭示；D发现。故选A。
【小题18】考查名词辨析。听者需要理解单词的组织类型或句子类型。A表演，表现；B组织；C设计；D展现。故选B。
【小题19】考查动词辨析。听者在识别出词汇，理解词汇的组织类型之后，最终整理得出意思。A调整；B证明；C释放；D解释，口译。故选D。
【小题20】考查形容词辨析。理解说话者的意思的整个过程，大约花费0.5秒，此过程一旦开始，就会变为一个持续的过程。A缓慢的；B有趣的；C持续的；D严重的。故选C。
考点：考查说明文
智趣寒假作业云南科技出版社系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：完型填空
In a world where comparisons happen non-stop, it is difficult to look outside yourself and to ever be 21 with who you are. There’s always someone who’s a bit 22 . The only solution is to reach 23 and measure against what Warren Buffett calls your own inner yardstick. There is no more 24 measure for comparison than who your were yesterday, last week or last decade, when you were at your 25 .
Nothing useful ever comes from comparison to others .Either you see yourself as better than someone and you get 26 , or you see someone else as better than you and you feel like all your hard work is for 27 . It is a fool’s game. Not one of us is exactly 28 . The only direct and honest comparison is 29 yourself. Everything else is apples to oranges.
My opinion is that you are only 30 to compare yourself to someone else if their life 31 is the same as your own. Good luck finding that 32 . And one thing is for sure. No matter how hard you work and how dedicated（埋头苦干的）you are, there will always be someone who can run a little faster, jump a little higher, score a little better or look a little nicer in a swimsuit. And if there’s not, you can 33 someone is coming up fast 34 you. So how can you always win in life? Become your best 35 .
Having an image of your most recent past limits is the perfect thing to 36 you to the next level. If you ran 7 flights of stairs yesterday, then do 8 today. Who 37 if the guy next to you did 15? It doesn’t make a bit of 38 . You are a more 39 person today than you were yesterday. Your own 40 is all you need.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：完型填空
It was July 1976. An unmanned spaceship, Viking One, had arrived at Mars. On July 20th, the spaceship . Part of it continued toward a landing on the planet. It fell through the late afternoon Mars’ sky.
Forty kilometers above the planet, the thin began to slow its fall. Six kilometers above the planet a big parachute(降落伞)opened. The landing craft fell more slowly. Then, three rocket engines . And the landing craft set down on the surface. in the Viking One Lander immediately sent a message to the earth. It said, “I am here. I am down safely. I am beginning my work. ”
The message at the speed of light. It took twenty minutes to reach the earth, more than three hundred and twenty million kilometers . Scientists and engineers at the control center .
Moments later, television receiver in the control center began to the first picture from Viking One. People at the center could see the feet of the landing craft sitting firmly on the 11 soil of Mars. Those pictures were our first look at the planet. They showed a red surface, full of rocks, with no sign of . It was our first look at a planet that is full of surprises, mysteries and promise. Viking One was launched toward Mars in August, 1975. The spaceship had two : an orbiter(轨道飞行器)and a lander(着陆器). The orbiter would circle Mars. It would take pictures of Mars’ surface. It would the atmosphere.
The would go down to the surface. It would carry to dig up and study soil and .
It also would report about any evidence of life on the planet. The lander would send this to the orbiter and then back to the earth.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：完型填空
Sports are by nature competitive. But recently, the over-competitive nature youth sports seem to have taken on has led to cause for ____.
Those who are strongly against competition point out that in a competition, only one wins while the rest ____. They argue that competition leads children to define themselves by the outcome, tying their self-esteem(自尊心) up with their ability to ____ others. They further argue that competition causes anxiety, affects learning and causes children to view others as____ to their success. Competition restricts participation and ___ success. A “win-at-all-costs” mentality can cause children to pay little attention to honesty and fair play.
On the opposite side of the debate are those who view competition as a ____ part of American society. They argue that placing kids in a competitive situation such as sports helps prepare them for a(n) ____ life in our society that is full of competition. ____ is a normal part of human nature and part of everyday life. Other arguments ____ competitive sports are that they provide challenges, help kids develop skills, and teach them how to get along with others.
The third side of this debate says that a little competition can’t be that ____, as long as competition does not get out of hand and take on a “win-at-all-costs” mentality. They claim that competition in itself is not bad and it can serve as a ____ of social comparison, necessary for adolescents to see how ____ they are. Their advice is to introduce competition ____ while focusing more on mastery and cooperation during childhood. The gradual shift toward competition will allow children to build skills, participate fully, and focus on ____ rather than winning.
It is important that you consider all of the possible ____ of competition before you put your child in a competitive situation.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：完型填空
【小题1】 This was not because the woods and fields were always far away, but because they were too far from the city to permit people to make a day trip between morning and nightfall.
【小题2】 He decided to turn his little school house into a dormitory for the summer holidays. Anyone who brought his sleeping bag and cooking equipment along could stay there for a very small quantity of money. The idea was a success. A few years later, the school house was much too small to hold the many young people who wanted to stay there. 【小题3】 This was the first hostel(青年招待所).
Today, young students and workers of every country can meet in the hostel and get to know each other. When young people arrive at the hostel, they have only to show their cards of membership in a hostel organization in their own country. 【小题4】
Often, at the evening meal, a group of boys and girls from various parts of the country or world will happen to meet at the same hostel. They may put their food together and prepare a dinner with many kinds of dishes. Sometimes a program will be organized after the meal with dances, songs, or short talks followed by a question period. 【小题5】 For this reason, a few weeks spent ‘hostelling’ can be just as useful a part of one’s education as classes in school.
| A．In 1970, a young German school master had an idea which changed this situation. |
| B．People could stay in the hostel if they brought enough equipment with them. |
| C．One can learn a lot about other places, just by meeting people from those places. |
| D．As a result, a dormitory was set up in an old castle nearby. |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：完型填空
The western world has always been divided into two types of people—the cool and the uncool. It is a division that in school. The cool kids are good at .They are with the opposite sex .They are good-looking and people want to their style. They can do their homework but they don’t make a big effort. That would be cool.
The uncool kids are in the other corner of the playground. They are very bright ,but they don’t have great skills and they are at sports .When they are not programming computers or doing calculus（微积分）in their heads ,they are reading comic books and watching shows like the “X Files” .They are as the geeks.
Here’s the news. The geeks are .Make friends with them now or they will put virus in your computer and your maths homework to ruin. Geeks might not be popular at school, yet they do pass their examinations ,and they might not be too popular at university, but good degrees.
The most important of the 21st century ,computers and IT, has been at least partly created by geeks .Geek heroes like Bill Gates others to follow their example .Being a geek is a way of earning good money .And the creation of the Internet gave them a of their own to work and play in ,making them a global .Besides ,the effect of the geeks popular culture has started a new trend（趋势）.It is now cool to be .Geek culture is becoming an important part of general popular culture ,in which what you know is more important than you look like.
But there are also . Geeks were often bullied or laughed at in school. Now a geek may be your boss .Perhaps it is time for .
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Nowadays fashion speaks aloud.Then do you choose what you wear or does the ____ choose it for you？I am one of the million Americans who struggle with ____ the new trends.The newspapers and magazines work their hardest in trying to ___ us to buy new things for home，work，and family.Many large ___ spend millions of dollars for a oneminute commercial on one of the ___ stations such as FOX and CBS.Television and magazines ____ carefully not only what to wear and when to wear it but also what others are wearing such as movie stars，____ and music artists.Television，one of the ___ mediums of the media world，talks with us about who is wearing what and what is fashionable for the ____.Television shows give us information on new trends ____ all different types of people and in all different countries.Designers such as Calvin Klein，Levi’s and many others try to ____ us to their cool commercials.Indeed，they get ____ from the commercials after their designs are sold.
Television influences the way we ____.It searches each and every one of our wardrobes(衣橱) with telling us what is ____ and what is not.Teenagers，____，give a lot of their attention to these television programs.They even wish they could ____ like the models immediately.The commercials try to ____ the younger generation because they will have them in the palm of their hands for the ____ of their lives.Also teenagers are ____ influenced by television with the billions of dollars spent on advertisements.These advertisements have them ____ widely—they really know what teenagers like.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：完型填空
Every morning at eleven, a bright new car drove through the central park in New York．Inside the car a driver and his boss, a well-known millionaire（百万富翁）.
Each morning the millionaire a poorly-dressed man on a park bench(长凳)．The man always sat staring at the hotel in which the rich man lived．One day the millionaire was so in the man that he asked his driver to stop the car and he to the bench．He said to the poor man, “Excuse me, I just have to know why you sit staring at my hotel every morning.” “Sir, ”said the poor man, “I’m a failure．I have no job, no family and no ．I sleep on this bench and every night I dream that day I will sleep in this hotel.” The rich man had ．He said to the poor man, “Tonight your dream will come . I’ll for the best room in that hotel for you for .” The millionaire smiled and felt of himself.
A few days , the millionaire went by the poor man’s room to ask him how he himself．To his great , he found that the poor man had moved out of the hotel, back to his park bench．When the millionaire asked why, the man said, “You see, when I’m here sleeping on the bench．I always dream I’m up there in the hotel．It’s a wonderful dream．But when I was up there in the hotel, I dreamed I was here on this cold bench．It was dream and I could not get any sleep at all.”
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：完型填空
When I walked into McCarley’s Bookstore in Ashland, Ore, I began to scan titles on the shelves. The man behind the counter, Mac McCarley, asked if I’d like . I said yes because I needed to for college.
I worked after school and during summers, and the job helped pay for my freshman year of college. I would work many other jobs: I made coffee in the Students’ Union college and even made maps for the US Forest Service. But selling books was one of the most
One day a woman asked me for on cancer. She seemed fearful. I showed her everything we had in and found other books we could . She left the store , and I’ve always remembered the I felt in having helped her.
Years later, as a in Los Angeles, I heard about an immigrant （移民）child who was born with his thumb attached, weblike, to the rest of his hands. His family couldn’t a corrective operation, and the boy lived in , hiding his hand in his pocket. I
my boss to let me do the . After my story was broadcast, a doctor and a nurse called, to perform the operation for free.
I visited the boy in the recovery room after the operation. The first thing he did was hold up his hand and said , “Thank you.” I felt a sense of reward.
At McCarley’s Bookstore I always sensed I was working for the , not the store. Today it’s . NBC News pays my salary, but I feel as if I work for the , through my “Today” show, helping them make of the world.
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