19.What's on Your Pet's Mind?
In 1977,Irene Pepperberg of Harvard University began studying what was on another creature's mind by talking to it.Her first experiments began with Alex.Alex was a one-year-old African grey parrot and Irene taught him to produce the sounds of the English language."I thought if he learned to communicate,I could ask him questions about how he sees the world."
At the time,most scientists didn't believe animals had any thoughts.They thought animals were more like robots but didn't have the ability to think or feel.Of course,if you own a pet,you probably disagree.But it is the job of a scientist to prove this and nowadays more scientists accept that animals can think for themselves.
"That's why I started my studies with Alex,"Irene said,"Some people actually called me crazy for trying this."
Nowadays,we have more and more evidence that animals have all sorts of mental abilities.Sheep can recognize faces.Chimpanzees use a variety of tools and even use weapons to hunt.And Alex,the parrot became a very good talker.
Thirty years after the Alex studies began,Irene was still giving him English lessons until his recent death.For example,if Alex was hungry,he could say"want grape".Alex could count to six and was learning the sounds for seven and eight."He has to hear the words over and over before he can correctly say them."Irene said,after pronouncing"seven"for Alex a few times in a row.Alex could also tell the difference between colors,shapes,sizes,and materials (e.g.wood and metal).Before he finally died,Alex managed to say"seven".
Another famous pet that proved some animals have greater mental skills was a dog called Rico.He appeared on a German TV game show in 2011.Rico knew the names of 200different toys and easily learned the names of new ones.When Rico became famous,many other dog owners wanted to show how clever their pets were.Another dog called Betsy could understand 300words.
One theory for dogs'ability to learn a language is that they have been close companions to humans for many centuries and so their ability to understand us is constantly evolving (进化).While animals can't do what humans do yet,some scientists believe that examples like Alex and Rico prove that evolution develops intelligence,as well as physical appearance.
32.Irene wanted to find outB.
A.why a parrot can speak
B.what a parrot thinks
C.how parrots make sound
D.if parrots speak English
33.Alex learnt new words byC.
A.singing them
B.reading them
C.rehearing them
D.writing them
34.The two dogs mentioned in the article couldD.
A.tell different colors
B.recognize strange voices
C.copy human gestures
D.understand some words
35.The article concludes thatA.
A.mental ability can evolve in animals
B.dogs may speak to humans one day
C.humans are related to chimpanzees
D.our pets understand what we say.
分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了科学家们关于动物的思想的研究,实验表明动物是有一定心智的.
解答 32.B.细节理解题.根据第一段中第一句话In 1977,Irene Pepperberg of Harvard University began studying what was on another creature's mind by talking to it可知艾琳想找出关于鹦鹉的思想,答案为A.
33.C.细节理解题.根据第五段中"He has to hear the words over and over before he can correctly say them."可知,Alex通过反复听这些单词而记住了.故选D.
34.D.细节理解题.根据倒数第二段中内容Rico knew the names of 200different toys and easily learned the names of new ones可知,这两只狗可以理解一些英语单词.故选A.
35.A.细节理解题.根据最后一段最后一句话While animals can't do what humans do yet,some scientists believe that examples like Alex and Rico prove that evolution develops intelligence,as well as physical appearance可知,通过实验科学家得出结论是动物智力即精神方面也可以得到进化的.故选D.
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.