Question

It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.

　　Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects(前景) of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.

　　The impact of a salary cut is probably less serious for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual(智力的) opportunities.

　　Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary(包括各种学科的) team, manage budgets and negotiate(谈判) contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”

1.By “a one-way street” in the first paragraph, the author means ________.

A．university researchers know little about the commercial world

B．there is little exchange between industry and academia

C．few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university

D．few university professors are willing to do industrial research

2.The word “deterrent” most probably refers to something that _____.

A．keeps someone from taking action

B．helps to move the traffic

C．attracts people’s attention

D．brings someone a financial burden

3.What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?

A．Flexible work hours.

B．Her research interests.

C．Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.

D．Prospects of academic accomplishments.

4.Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.

A．do financially more rewarding work

B．raise his status in the academic world

C．enrich his experience in medical research

D．have better intellectual opportunities

5.What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?

A．Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market

B．Develop its students’ potential in research.

C．Help it to obtain financial support from industry.

D．Adapt its research to practical applications.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.C

2.A

3.B

4.D

5.A

【解析】

试题分析：本文叙述了对很多研究人员来说，虽然放弃大学的工作到商界很有吸引力，但是很少有人这样做。说明很多人不愿意放弃大学里的研究。

1.C 推理题。根据While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction.说明虽然放弃大学的工作到商界很有吸引力，但是很少有人这样做。说明很多人不愿意放弃大学里的研究。故C正确。

2.A 推理题。根据Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job.说明钱的阻止人们这样做的主要原因，故A项正确。

3.B 推理题。根据第二段2,3,4行Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions.说明Helen Lee主要考虑的是研究兴趣的话题。故B正确。

4.D 细节题。根据第三段最后2行He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual(智力的) opportunities.说明他是为了得到更多的智力机会才这样做的。故D正确。

5.A 推理题。根据文章最后一段Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee.They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate说明他们回大学教书可以让学生学到很多实际的经验，在求职的路上有更多的优势，故A正确。

考点：考查社会知识类短文

点评：本文较难，以推理题的考查为主，要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者应当知道如何去做或按照某种方式传递思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分－推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分－推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。