Language as a System of Symbols
Of all systems of symbols(符号), language is the most highly developed. It has been pointed out that human beings, by agreement, can make anything stand for anything. Human beings have agreed, in the course of centuries of mutual(相互的) dependency, to let the various noises that they can produce with their lungs, throats, tongues, teeth, and lips systematically stand for certain happenings in their nervous systems. We call that system of agreements language.
There is no necessary connection between the symbol and that which it stands for. Just as social positions can be symbolized by feathers worn on the head, by gold on the watch chain, or by a thousand other things according to the culture we live in, so the fact of being hungry can be symbolized by a thousand different noises according to the culture we live in.
However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually not so obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject. Symbols and the things they stand for are independent of each other, yet we all have a way of feeling as if, and sometimes acting as if, there were necessary connections. For example, there are people who feel that foreign languages are unreasonable by nature: foreigners have such funny names for things, and why can’t they call things by their right names? This feeling exhibits itself most strongly in those English and American tourists who seem to believe that they can make the natives of any country understand English if they shout loud enough. Like the little boy who is reported to have said: “Pigs are called pigs because they are such dirty animals,” they feel the symbol is inherently(内在地) connected in some way with the things symbolized.
69．Language is a highly developed system of symbols because human beings _________.
A．have made use of language for centuries
B．use our nervous systems to support language
C．have made various noises stand for any events
D．can make anything stand for anything by agreement
70．What can we conclude from Paragraph 2?
A．Different noise may mean different things.
B．Our culture determines what a symbol stands for.
C．The language we use symbolizes our social positions.
D．Our social positions determine the way we are dressed.
71．In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “________”.
A．try very hard B．take our time
C．are very unhappy D．feel especially painful
72．The example of the little boy is used to show that ___________.
A．adults often learn from their young
B．“pig” is a dirty word because pigs are dirty
C．words are not connected with the things they stand for
D．people sometimes have wrong ideas about how language works
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小学生10分钟应用题系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：
In order to find _______ better job, he decided to study _________ second foreign language.
A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
The impression you make at the beginning of an interview is very important. Employers often decide to hire someone in the first three minutes of the interview. They judge you by your appearance，attitude(态度)and manners.
A friendly smile when you walk into the room is important. A smile shows a confident（自信的） and positive attitude.
When you introduce yourself， make eye contact with the interviewer. Some interviewers offer a handshake. Others don’t.
Try to be as natural as possible. But pay attention to your body language. The way you sit，walk，gesture，use your voice and show feelings on your face is all part of your body language. It makes the interviewer know how you feel about yourself and the situation you are in. Are you feeling positively about yourself? Your abilities? Your interest in the job?
Speak clearly and loudly enough. Show interest and enthusiasm in your voice. When you speak， look at the interviewer. Also， don’t say negative things about yourself， or former employer.
Listen to questions carefully. If you don’t understand a question， ask the interviewer to repeat or explain：
“I’m sorry， but I didn’t catch that.”
“I’m not sure exactly what you mean.”
Almost everyone is nervous in a job interview. Interviewers know that. They don’t expect you to be totally calm and relaxed. But they expect you to try to control your nervousness. They expect you to show confidence in your ability to do the job.
At the end of the interview， thank the interviewer for her or his time.
It’s a good idea to send a short thank-you letter right after the interview， or deliver it by hand.
Phone the company if you have not heard anything after one week. Ask if they have made a decision about the job.
Good luck！
It can be inferred from the passage that __ ____.
A. you should always put on a smile when meeting the employer
B. you should stand still with respect before the employer
C. the first impression is very important in an interview
D. employers understand and like employees’ nervousness
Why should we pay attention to our body language?
A. Because it can help us win the employer’s positive impression.
B. Because it can help us feel about the employer.
C. Because it is needed by our employer.
D. Because we need it to improve our feelings.
The main purpose of the passage is _ _____.
A. to give you some advice on the art of finding a job
B. to tell right from wrong about job interviews
C. to explain why we should do something about an interview
D. to suggest not being shy in an interview
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. A Friendly Smile B. Making a Good Expression
C. Don’t Be Nervous D. Sending a Thank-You Letter
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：
It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _____ of the parents spoke the language.
A. none B. neither C. both D. Each
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Starting from April, 2010, you won’t be hearing the word “NBA” on sports programs on CCTV. Instead, sport host will give the full Chinese name when they refer to the NBA – National Basketball Association. You also won’t hear any other English abbreviations (缩略词) on CCTV’s Chinese programs, such as GDP (gross domestic product), or WTO (World Trade Organization). You will hear their Chinese translations.
CCTV received a notice from the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television telling it to avoid using English-language abbreviations in their reports to protect the “purity” of the Chinese language. A few other TV stations also received the notice.
Fu Zhenguo, an editor of People’s Daily, is one of the people who suggested the change. “Firstly, using English in a Chinese-speaking environment is against Chinese law,” he said. “Then, using English on Chinese TV programs is unfair to people who don’t understand English. What’s worse, it will have a bad language influence on kids and teenagers.”
A lot of netizens have criticized the move, saying that it will cause problems for them.
“I understand what CD, VCD and DVD mean when I hear them. But I won’t know what the TV programs are talking about if I hear those products’ full Chinese names,” a netizen wrote in a BBS post. Following the same post, another netizen wrote jokingly: “I’m not listening to my MP3 now. I’m listening to my Moving Picture Experts Group-1 Audio Layer 3 (动态影像专家压缩标准音频第三层面).”
What does the underlined word “purity” in the second paragraph mean?
A. 纯正 B. 高贵 C. 时髦 D. 潮流
How many reasons did Fu Zhenguo list to show his support for the change?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Some netizens went against the change because_______________.
A. the application of abbreviations will make Chinese popular.
B. the application of abbreviations will attract the youth.
C. the application of abbreviations will not simplify the understanding.
D. the application of abbreviations will not bring Chinese to an end.
What can be the full name of CCTV mentioned in the text?
A. Close Closet Top Video B. China Central Television
C. China Common Time Voice D. Closed-Circuit Television
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科目：高中英语 来源：河南省北大附中2010-2011学年高一上学期第一次考试英语试卷（必修一） 题型：阅读理解
New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk（收缩）. It’s now a “global village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communication’s equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.
Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic(国内的) business efforts.
Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive(行政的) ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.” He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superior will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more common.
Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.
English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate(候选人) the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.
The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients(客户) over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.
65. What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?
A. Critical. B. Indifferent. C. Negative. D. Positive.
66. With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, business people_________.
A. have to get familiar with modern technology
B. are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operations
C. are placing more importance on their overseas business
D. are eager to work overseas
67. In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind” (Para. 3) probably means _________.
A. being unable to think properly for lack of insight
B. being totally out of touch with business at home
C. missing opportunities for promotion when abroad
D. leaving all care and worry behind
68. According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?
A. Connections with businesses overseas. B. Ability to speak the client’s language.
C. Technical know-how. D. Business experience.
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