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    Early Childhood Education

    Early childhood education is the formal (正规的) teaching and care of young children. It primarily focuses on learning through playing to encourage the child’s different kinds of development. 　 71　

    Studies with Head Start programs throughout the United States have shown some evidence that there are quite a few advantages to early childhood education, which can produce significant gains in children’s learning and development. Compared to a child who does not attend pre-school, children completing their early education programs are found to be better at math and reading skills. They are excited to learn and have the tools to do so. 　 72　 These children are more competent in their pre-school, kindergarten and school-age years, and they are usually reported as “friendlier” by parents and the children’s peers (同伴).

    　 73　 In studies with matched control groups, more students who had early schooling experiences were employed at the age of 19, fewer were on welfare, and fewer were involved with the criminal activity. What’s more, some studies show that children attending pre-school are more likely to graduate and have higher education, and be well integrated (综合) as an adult.

    　 Early childhood education gives most children a jump-start on education for their kindergarten and primary school years. It is clear that early childhood education can have some great benefits for children. 　 74　 If early childhood education is less effective, perhaps the best model is finding strategies for allowing a parent to stay home with his or her child for at least the first two to three years. Also important is considering a child’s own personality. 　 75　

    A. The long-term influence of early education is significant as well.

    B. They can benefit greatly from encouragement in their early childhood.

    C. Yet its quality must be assessed to see what kind of benefits it actually provides.

    D. They are also able to relate to others in a superior way and that improves their social skills.

    E. Many experts of education have concerned about what early childhood education means today.

    F. Individual differences in children mean that not all children will get equal benefits from early childhood education.

    G. It consists of activities that serve children in the pre-school years and is designed to improve later school performance.

    71. G        72. D        73. A        74. C         75. F

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    科目：高中英语 来源：东北三省2011届尔雅高考特快信息考试英语试题 题型：050

    阅读理解

    　　The country of Chile is struggling to recover from one of the most powerful earthquakes in history．The quake struck the South American nation early Saturday morning．It registered 8．8 on the Richter scale．Ex-perts say the earthquake in Chile is among the five most powerful earthquakes ever recorded．

    　　The epicenter of the earthquake is about 70 miles north of the city of Concepci6n．The area has been rocked by dozens of aftershocks since the big quake hit on Saturday morning．

    　　On Sunday, Chilean President Michelle Bachelet updated reports on the toll the earthquake has taken．“It’s an enormous catastrophe,” she said．Countless buildings and roadways have been destroyed or badly damaged．Rescuers continued to work around the clock to find survivors who may be trapped under the rub-ble of fallen buildings．Government officials estimate more than 2 million people have lost their homes．

    　　Bachelet assured people that food and medical aid were on the way．Ten thousand members of the Chil-ean military have been dispatched to help in the relief and recovery efforts．Many of the country’s major gro-cery stores have started giving away basic food and supplies to people in the affected areas．Secretary-Gener-al of the United Nations spoke to President Bachelet by telephone．He assured her that the United Nations“stands ready to assist the Chilean government’s rescue and recovery efforts ”．

    　　The earthquake in Chile comes less than two months after the 7．0 magnitude earthquake that Haiti suf-fered in January．Although the earthquake in Chile was more powerful than the one in Haiti，the damage is unlikely to be as severe．Earthquakes are more common in Chile，and many buildings and homes there are constructed to withstand tremors better．Also，the area of Chile most affected by this earthquake is not asheavily populated as Port-au-Prince, where the epicenter of the Haitian quake was located．Furthermore, Chile is one of South America’s richest, best-organized countries．Its government has more supplies and people available to effectively respond to national emergencies．

    　　The energy released by the quake caused shock waves to roll across the Pacific Ocean in the form of tsu-namis(海啸)that have the potential to do great damage to coastal areas．Some of these waves struck the Chilean coast，causing major damage to seaside towns．Coastal communities in Russia，Japan，and the Unit-ed States were concerned，too，but there were no reports of severe damage from the waves that eventually reached the countries’shores．

    (1)

    Who is leading the earthquake relief efforts in Chile?

    [　　]

    A．

    The Chilean government and military．

    B．

    Geologists and other scientists．

    C．

    The United Nations peacekeeping forces．

    D．

    Secretary-General of the United Nations．

    (2)

    The damage from Chile’s earthquake is not expected to be as severe as the damage from Haiti’s quake．Which could not be the reason for it?

    [　　]

    A．

    Chile is one of the richest，best-organized countries in South America．

    B．

    Chile has constructed many buildings for the people．

    C．

    Chile knows how to respond to a national emergency．

    D．

    The epicenter area of the Chile earthquake is less heavily populated than that of the Haiti’s quake．

    (3)

    One result of the earthquake in Chile was ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    severe storms in Russia and Japan

    B．

    massive waves in the pacific Ocean

    C．

    a lack of food supplies in coastal communities

    D．

    a social confusion across the globe

    (4)

    What’s the best title for this news report?

    [　　]

    A．

    Major Earthquake Hits Chile

    B．

    The Most Powerful Earthquake in History

    C．

    Rescue and Recovery Efforts

    D．

    Face to Face with the Natural Disaster

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    科目：高中英语 来源：山东省诸城一中2012届高三下学期阶段测试英语试题 题型：050

    阅读理解

    　　From a very early age, some children exhibit better self-control than others．Now, a new study that began with about 1,000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child's low self-control can predict poor health, money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years．

    　　Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now．They observed the level of self-control the youngstrrs displayed．Parents, teachers, even the kids them-selves, scored the youngstrers on measures like“acting before thinking” and “Persistensce in resching goals．”

    　　The study led by Moffitt of Duke University and colleagues followed 1,000 children from birth to age 32 in Dunedin, New Zealand．

    　　“The children who had the lowest self-control when they were age three to ten, later on had the most health problems in their 30s,” Moffitt said, “and they had the worst financial situation, They were more likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a sin-gle parent on a very low income．” Moffitt explained that self-control problems were widely observed, and weren't just a feature of a small group of misbehaving kids．

    　　Moffitt said it's still unclear why some children have better self-control than others, though she said other resesrchers have found that it's mostly a learned behavior, with rela-tively little genetic influence．But good self-control can be set to run in families because chil-dren with good self-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents．But the good news, Moffitt said, is that self-control can be taught by parents, and through school curricula that have been shown to be effective．

    (1)

    From the first two paragraphs we learn that ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    the research has been carried out for five years

    B．

    self-control in kids tends to determine their future

    C．

    self-control was assessed by children's intelligence

    D．

    children's self-control is almost the same at early age

    (2)

    Chidren with low self-control are more likely to ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    become wealthy in later life

    B．

    get good school performance

    C．

    have better financial planning

    D．

    adopt negative behaviors

    (3)

    According to Moffitt, ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    only good genetic factors can shape their lives in the future

    B．

    scientists know well why some children have better self-control

    C．

    self-control in childhood has nothing to do with criminal activity

    D．

    willpower as a child really influences people's chances of adulthood

    (4)

    What can be in ferred from the passage?

    [　　]

    A．

    Self-control cannot be taught in schools．

    B．

    The study is restricted within few participants．

    C．

    It's never too late to deal with self-control problems．

    D．

    Good parenting can improve self-control and life success．

    (5)

    Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

    [　　]

    A．

    Child's self-control predicts future health, success

    B．

    Kids are encouraged to take risks at an early age

    C．

    Children's development cannot be changed by teachers

    D．

    How to teach the kids a bit of self-control in schools

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