Question

2．When an emergency situation occurs，observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses．This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect．
The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect，which is named after Catherine"Kitty"Genovese，a young woman who was cruelly murdered on March 13，1964．Early in the morning，28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work．As she approached her apartment entrance，she was attacked and stabbed （刺） by a man later identified as Winston Moseley．Despite Genovese's repeated cries for help，none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police for help．The attack first began at 3：20，but it was not until 3：50 that someone first contacted police．
Many psychologists were set thinking by the incident，as well as most Americans．As the conclusion，the bystander effect came out and later proved by a series of studies and experiments．
There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect．First，the presence of other people creates a division of responsibility．Because there are other observers，individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action，since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present．The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways．When other observers fail to react，individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate．
Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation is ambiguous．In the case of Kitty Genovese，many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a"lovers'quarrel"，and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered．
61．The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect becauseBa woman surnamed Genovese．
A．it somehow caused the murder of    
B．its discovery resulted from the murder of
C．it was actually discovered by                   
D．it always makes people think of
62．Genovese was murderedD
A．while she was going out                                 
B．in her apartment
C．halfway home                                               
D．near her apartment
63．Which can NOT have been a possible reason for the neighbors NOT offering Genovese help？A
A．They believed in the bystander effect．
B．They thought someone else might help her．
C．They didn't think they should help．
D．They didn't think she needed help．
64．Before deciding to offer help，observers mayC，according to the psychol
ists．
A．wait for sort of a signal                          
B．hesitate and estimate the risk of getting hurt
C．want to be sure it's appropriate to react     
D．wonder if the victim is worth helping
65．The article seems to suggest that，if there had beenBobservers，Genovese might not have been murdered．
A．no                           
B．fewer                       
C．more                     
D．braver．

Answer 1

分析 文章提到旁观者效应这个词的由来，并介绍了该事件发生的可能原因．

解答 BDACB
61．B 细节题．在第二段开头The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect，which is named after Catherine"Kitty"Genovese，a young woman who was cruelly murdered提到The bystander effect 这种现象源自于Genovese的被谋杀，故答案为B．
62．D细节题．在第二段As she approached her apartment entrance，she was attacked and stabbed 这句话告诉我们Genoves快到公寓时，被袭击谋杀，故答案为D．
63．A判断推理题．在第四段分析了旁观者没有施救的原因，如：the presence of other people creates a division of responsibility；the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways．；did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered．即旁观者认为别人会去营救，或者认为她不需要帮助等，只有A没有提到，故答案为A．
64．C 细节题．最后一段When other observers fail to react，individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate表明旁观者会考虑帮助是不是有必要或者合不合适，所以心理学家认为在出手帮忙之前，旁观者会确定是否有必要或合时宜，故答案为C．
65．B推理判断题．通过最后一段段分析可知，旁观者没有救Genovese可能存在的几个原因，即64题分析，从而推出，如果当初旁观者比较少，可能就有人去救Genovese了，故答案为B．

点评 考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．