13．The﹩ll billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like"I never do anything right"into positive ones like"I can succeed．"But was positive thinking advocated by Norman Vincent Peale right？Is there power in positive thinking？
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect：it can simply highlight how unhappy they are．
The study's authors，Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick，begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive，they actually feel worse，not better．If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein，you're just underlining his faults，In one 1990s experiment，a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled．When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy，they．felt even worse about what they had written．
In this experiment，Wood，Lee and Perunovic measured 68students'self-esteem．The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes Every 15seconds，one group of students heard a bell．When it rang，they were supposed to tell themselves，"I am lovable．"
Those with low self-esteem didn't feel．better after the forced self-affirmation．In fact，their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group，who weren't urged to think positive thoughts．
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy（心理理治疗） that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them．In the fighting，we not only often fail but can make things worse．Meditation（静思） techniques，in contrast，can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger，more realistic perspective．Call it the power of negative thinking．
51．What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry？B
A It is a highly profitable industry．
B．It is based on the concept of positive thinking．
C．It was established by Norman Vincent Peale．
D．It has yielded positive results．
52．What is the finding of the Canadian researchers？A
A．Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good．
B．There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems．
C．Unhappy people cannot think positively．
D．The power of positive thin king is limited．
53．What does the author mean by"…you're just underlining his faults（Para.3）？C
A．You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough．
B You are pointing out the errors he has committed．
C．You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent．
D．You are trying to make him feel better about his faults．
54．What do we learn from the experiment of Wood，Lee and Perunovic？C
A．It is important for people to continually boost their self-esteem．
B．Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one's mood．
C．Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem．
D．People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings．
55．What do we learn from the last paragraph？B
A The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person
B．Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy．
C．Different people tend to have different ways of thinking．
D．People can avoid making mistakes through meditation．
分析 这是一篇说明文．这篇文章通过不同的试验和研究得出尽量使人们积极思考事实上会对人们产生相反的影响这一发现．
解答 BACCB
51 B 考查事实细节．根据第一段"The $ 11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like"I never do anything right"into positive ones like"I can succeed．"110亿美元的自助消费产业是建立在变消极思维为积极思维的理论的基础上．B为正确答案．
52 A 考查事实细节．根据第二段："Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have opposite effect；"之后，作者在下一段又再次强调了这一观点"older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive，they actually feel worse，not better．"cause of a tragedy与选项中的cause of the crash一致．抓住关键词"opposite effect； feel worse，not better"，答案即可一目了然．故选A．
53 C 考查事实细节．根据第三段"when people get feedback which they believe is too positive，they actually feel worse，not better．"可知you're just underlining his faults的意思是你强调了他不是智商高的这个事实，C为正确答案．
54 C 考查事实细节．根据倒数第二段"Those with low self-respect didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation（自我肯定）．In fact，their moods turned significantly darker"可知强迫人们积极的思考，可能会降低他们的自尊心，C为正确答案．
55 B 考查事实细节．根据最后一段段"The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy （心理治疗） that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them．"和"Instead，meditation （静思） techniques can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger，more realistic way．"可知静思能帮助人们进行心理治疗，将他们的缺点变得更现实，B为正确答案．
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
