Question

【题目】Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Most people don’t need science to appreciate the importance of a mother’s love.

But to understand how early maltreatment can derail a child’s development requires careful study. In a famous research, Harry Harlow had demonstrated that proper psychological and physical development of infants requires nurturing and attention from a parent. 【1】 In that research, socially isolated monkey babies that were removed from their mothers were found to be clinging to a cloth-covered surrogate(替代的) mother for comfort.

Such experimentations sound cruel. They, however, have been critical in helping change policies in human orphanages( 孤儿院 ) in the U.S. For centuries some orphanages treated infants equally inhumanely. Despite early evidence that orphanage infants were far more likely to die than others, supporters argued that it didn’t matter whether children had “parents” specially devoted to them at the orphanage. 【2】 Orphans were supposed to be in positive mental and physical health until adoptive parents were found. Babies, they said, couldn’t remember anyway.

The harrowing consequences of these theories were most vividly brought to light in Romania in the 1980s and ‘90s. A ban on abortion（流产 ) led to a surge in orphanage babies. Simply being fed and changed without individualized affection, some babies present serious problems. Many developed violent behaviors, repetitively rocking or banging their heads. Some were cold and withdrawn or indiscriminately affectionate. 【3】 Their head sizes were especially small.

They even had problems with attention and comprehension. The longer these children were left alone, the more damage was seen.

The lack of a secure attachment relationship in the early years has destructive consequences for both physical and mental health later in life, with long-lasting effects. The persistence of these effects emphasizes the need to intervene early in life. The Nobel-prize-winning economist James Heckman, has long argued that investing in early childhood education provides a greater return for society than virtually any other type of spending. It is obviously reflected in increased educational success and productivity,. The reduced crime, addiction, distress and disorder point to the same theory. Early life conditions critically affect adult life. 【4】 Remove it and the harm is great.

A. The appropriate feeding and caring styles were greatly rewarded in all aspects.

B. It was claimed that simply feeding and changing them would be adequate.

C. Some, however, demonstrate little influence with roughly ordinary behavior pattern.

D. Maternal attachment plays a fundamental role in shaping who we are.

E. Necessities are not just the availability of food and water.

F. And they simply didn’t grow like normal infants.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】E

【2】B

【3】F

【4】D

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文，介绍了早期的母性依恋对我们成长的重要性。

【1】空后说在在这项研究中，被孤立的猴子宝宝被从它们的妈妈身边移开，为了寻求安慰，它们会依附在裹着的布替代妈妈身上，此处说对母亲的依恋也是宝宝成长过程中所必需的，故E项（必需的不仅仅是食物和水）符合语境。

【2】空前说尽管早期有证据表明孤儿院的婴儿比别的孩子更容易死亡，但支持者认为，儿童在孤儿院是否有专门为他们服务的“父母”并不重要，此处承接上文，讲的还是他们的观点，故B项（据称，只要喂养和改变他们就足够了）符合语境。

【3】空后说他们的头特别小，因此此处是说孤儿院里的孩子和正常的孩子在成长发面的区别，故F项（他们根本就不像正常的婴儿那样成长）符合语境。

【4】上文说早年缺乏安全的依恋关系，对日后的身心健康都会产生破坏性的后果，并产生长期的影响，此处总结上文，讲的是早期的母性依恋对我们成长的重要性，故D项（母性依恋在塑造我们是谁的过程中起着至关重要的作用）符合语境。