Question

【题目】Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit---that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 【1】. Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 【2】

Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 【3】. One is the establishment of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 【4】. The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision（监管）and guidance by the management in authority. 【5】.

A. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

B. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

C. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.

G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】G

【4】E

【5】B

【解析】

文章介绍了一些非营利组织，和经营管理计划的三个方面。

【1】根据后文Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers可知：被普遍认为是非营利组织。所以，上文应该与其内容一致。D项：然而，一些公司只挣足够的钱来满足基本的经营费用。这说明它们不赚钱。这与后文内容相符。此处however也是关键词，其前讲得是盈利活动，其后是非盈利公司活动。

【2】根据空格前面的内容讲的是不盈利机构nonprofits，可以推知接着是对不盈利机构进行举例。故选A。

【3】第二段的第一句是总述，接下来从三方面进行分述the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business。按顺序先说planning。故选G。

【4】根据空格前后的内容可知，前面阐述了planning，后面the third…阐述了 the control of the operations of a business（商业运作的控制）关系到所有部门的工作标准的建立（The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments），所以空格内容为the second…，用来阐述direction关系到部门对各项政策的实行（the application of these policies by departments），故选E。

【5】最后一点可以根据前一句推知，前面一句说明"导向主要涉及权威管理的引导和监管"（Direction is concerned primarily with supervision and guidance by the management in authority），可推知"控制包括了报告和记录的作用--用来对比实际工作与工作标准是否符合"。故选B。