12.Up to 90%of school leavers in major Asian cities are suffering from myopia-short-sightedness,a study suggests.Researchers say the"extraordinary rise''in the problem is being caused by students working very hard in school and missing out on outdoor light.
Eye experts say that you are short-sighted if your vision is blurred(模糊的)beyond 2m.It is often caused by an elongation(拉抻)of the eyeball that happens when people are young.According to the research,the problem is being caused by a combination of factors--a commitment to education and lack of outdoor light.
Professor Morgan who led this study argues that many children in South East Asia spend long hours studying at school and doing their homework.This in itself puts pressure on the eyes,but exposure to between two and three hours of daylight helps maintain healthy eyes.
Cultural factors also seem to play a part.Across many parts of South East Asia children often have a lunchtime nap.According to Professor Morgan they are missing out on natural light to prevent short-sightedness.
A big concern is the number of the students suffering from‘‘high"myopia.One in five of these students could experience severe visual impairment(障碍)and even blindness.These people are at considerable risk-sometimes people are not told about it and are just given more powerful glasses-they need to be warned about the risk and given some self-testing measures so they can get to all ophthalmologist and get some help.
For decades,researchers believed there was a strong genetic component to the condition.But this study strongly suggests all alternative view.‘‘Any type of simple genetic explanation just doesn't fit with that speed of change;gene pools just don't change in two generations.Whether it's a purely environmental effect or an environmental effect playing a sensitive genome(基因组),it really doesn't matter.The thing that's changed is not the gene pool-it's the environment."
29.As is mentioned above,which factor mainly results in students'myopia in South East Asia?C
A.Genetic faults of the people.
B.Visual impairment and blindness.
C.The shortage of outdoor light.
D.Lack of research into the problem.
30.Which of the following statements do you think agrees with Professor Morgan?D
A.A lunchtime nap is helpful in reducing myopia.
B.Glasses keep myopia from getting even worse.
C.It's necessary to treat myopia with an operation.
D.It's of vital importance to reduce educational pressure.
31.What's the main idea of the last paragraph?B
A.Gene remains the main cause of the long-standing problem.
B.The environment is to blame for the extraordinary rise in myopia.
C.Short-sightedness has nothing to do with changes in gene pools.
D.An environmental effect playing a sensitive genome counts.
32.What's the best way to take care of your eyes according to the passage?D
A.Equip the classroom with better lights.
B.Look at the Sun from time to time.
C.Do eyes exercise regularly.
D.Spend more time in the open air.
分析 本文讲述的是如何保护好我们的眼睛,不要受到近视的影响,分析了原因,并提出了解决的方法--多到户外去运动.
解答 29---32 CDBD
29.答案C.细节理解题.根据文章第一段最后一句Researchers say the"extraordinary rise"in the problem is being caused by students working very hard in school and missing out on outdoor light,说明C项才是主要原因.
30.答案D.细节理解题.根据文章第三段前三行Professor Morgan who led this study argues that many children in South East Asia spend long hours studying at school and doing their homework.This in itself puts pressure on the eyes,说明D正确.
31.答案B.段落大意题.根据本段的主题句最后一句Whether it's a purely environmental effect or an environmental effect playing a sensitive genome,it really doesn't matter,the thing that's changed is not the gene pool---it's the environment."说明环境才是最主要的原因.故B正确.
32.答案D.细节理解题.根据文章第二段的最后一句According to the research,the problem is being caused by a combination of factors-a commitment to education and lack of outdoor light和第三段的最后一句exposure to between two and three hours of daylight helps maintain healthy eyes,说明多花时间在户外对这种病症是有很大的作用的.故D正确.
点评 科教类阅读文应对策略:
1、要想做好科普英语阅读理解题,同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章,学习科普知识,积累常见的科普词汇,从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力.
2、要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点.科普类文章一般由标题(Head line),导语(Introduction),背景(Back ground),主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成.标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括,但根据历年的高考情况来看,这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题,而要同学们选择标题.导语一般位于整篇文章的首段.背景交待一个事实的起因.主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述,这一部分命题往往最多,因此,阅读时,同学们要把这部分作为重点.结尾往往也是中心思想的概括,并与导语相呼应,命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题.
3、在进行推理判断时,同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据,同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识.