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    7．Have you ever wondered why there are so many skin colours in the world？Do you know why people living in particular areas usually have a certain colour？Biology and history are the two reasons for this．
    Skin contains something called melanin，which determines a person's skin colour．The more melanin a person has，the darker his or her skin will be．The amount of and production of melanin are controlled by genes，but can be affected by other things，such as sunlight．If a person lives in a place with strong sunlight，his or her skin will protect itself by producing more melanin，making the skin darker．In a place with less sunlight，a person's body will produce less melanin，making the skin lighter．
    Skin colour is also affected by another source-vitamin D．Humans all need vitamin D to build bones．People can get it by eating foods such as fish and milk，or from sunlight，which causes vitamin production in the skin．Melanin protects skin by absorbing sunlight，so sunlight absorbed by melanin cannot be used for vitamin D production．Therefore，a dark-skinned person will produce less vitamin D than a light-skinned person when they receive the same amount of sunlight．
    The connection between vitamin D production and skin colour is clear when we look at evolution．The earliest humans lived in Africa，their dark skin covered with hair．When they moved to places that had less sunlight，their bodies produced less vitamin D because of their dark skin．As a result，their skin made less melanin，so they could get enough sunlight to produce vitamin D．Their skin gradually got lighter and they lost hair．Now，people who live in areas with strong sunlight，like Africa，have darker skin，while people living in other areas have lighter skin．The exception to this is the Inuit，who live in a place with little sunlight，but have dark skin because they eat a lot of fish and have enough vitamin D．
    Evolution has given us a rainbow of skin colours．Humans have always had melanin to determine our skin colour．What has changed through history is the environment where we have lived．This has in turn changed our melanin production，and eventually，skin colour．
    A World of Skin Colour
    Brief introductionPeople living in a particular area usually have the   （71）sameskin colour and there are many different skin colours in the world．
    Reasons for skin colourThe reasons for different skin colours mainly （72）lie/consist  in biology and history．
    Biological reasonsThe amount of melanin，by which a person's skin colour is （73）determined，varies from people to people．The more melanin a person has，the （74）darkerhis or her skin will be．
    Vitamin D is another source （75）affectingskin colour．Vitamin D is necessary for humans to build bones．Sunlight contributes to vitamin D production in the skin．
    （76）Historical
    reasons    		The earliest people in Africa had dark skin with hair covering it because the sunlight is very strong．．
    When they moved to places where they could not get enough sunlight to （77）producevitamin D，their skin colour became lighter．
    Generally speaking，people in areas with strong sunlight，have darker skin （78）whilepeople in other areas have lighter skin．
    （79）Conclusion/SummaryMelanin （80）playsan important role in our skin colour．With our living environment changing，melanin production is changed，which leads to the changes in our skin colour．

    分析 为什么不同的人会又不一样的皮肤？从历史和生物角度分析了原因．

    解答 71．same  72．lie/consist   73．determined  74．darker   75．affecting76．Historical  77．produce  78．while  79．Conclusion/Summary  80．plays
    71．same 归纳总结题．根据文章第一段内容可知．Do you know why people living in particular areas usually have a certain colour？住在同一个地方的人有同样的皮肤．
    72．lie/consist   原词再现．根据第一段最后一句Biology and history are the two reasons for this．说明肤色不同是因为生物学和遗传，故转换成原因在于lie in
    73．determined句意转换．根据第二段第一行which determines a person's skin color，把这个主动句变成了被动形式．
    74．darker 句型转换．根据第二段1，2行The more melanin a person has，the darker his or her skin will be．一个人黑色素越多，一个人的皮肤就越黑，一个句型，the 比较级…the比较级…
    75．affecting原词再现．根据第三段第一句Skin color is also affected by another source----vitamin D．转换成现在分词短语修饰another source．
    76．Historical 词形转换．根据第三段内容介绍，Biology and history are the two reasons for this．是从历史方面解释原因．
    77．produce原词再现．根据第四段第四行they could get enough sunlight to produce vitamin D．their skin gradually got lighter and they lost hair．
    78．while  原词再现．根据第四段Now，people living in areas with strong sunlight like Africa，have darker skin，while people living in other areas have lighter skin．生活在阳光强烈的地区如非洲，皮肤越黑，然而其他地区的人皮肤呈现浅色．while此处前后两者情况对比．
    79．Conclusion/Summary  归纳总结．通读全文可知这里是得出的最终的结论．Conclusions就是上文得到的最后的结论．
    80．plays固定词组．Play a role in…在…中起作用．Play a part/role in…主语是不可数名词Melanin，故用单数形式．

    点评 对于抽取重要信息题，一定 要注意首字母的大小写问题．作为题目的单词的首字母都要大写；其他句子的第一个单词首字母要大写．

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    37．A．otherB．anotherC．othersD．the other
    38．A．youngerB．fewerC．olderD．more
    39．A．byB．inC．onD．through
    40．A．acceptedB．receivedC．sentD．mailed
    41．A．othersB．themselvesC．himselfD．herself
    42．A．habitB．systemC．methodD．form
    43．A．sharedB．limitedC．tastedD．controlled
    44．A．remainingB．gainingC．maintainingD．obtain
    45．A．alongB．byC．asD．for
    46．A．joyB．funC．excitementD．delight
    47．A．comparedB．followedC．combinedD．went
    48．A．friendshipsB．scholarshipsC．relativesD．relationships
    49．A．transmittedB．transformedC．formedD．switched
    50．A．containingB．concludingC．includingD．concerning
    51．A．comparingB．comparedC．connectedD．joined
    52．A．limitedB．unlimitedC．fewD．little
    53．A．haveB．sameC．doD．too
    54．A．do withB．deal withC．removeD．ban

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    科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：选择题

    17．Don't feel guilty about it．Anyone _________make mistakes in their life．（　　）
    A．canB．mustC．shallD．need

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