All types of stress study, whether under laboratory or real-life situations, study mechanisms for increasing the arousal(兴奋) level of the brain.
The brain blood flow studies show that reciting the days of the week and months of the year increases blood flow in appreciate areas, whereas problem solving which demands intense concentration of a reasoning type produces much larger changes in the distribution of blood in the brain.
Between these basic studies of brain function and real life situations there is still a considerable gap, but reasonable deduction seems possible to try and understand what happens to the brain. Life consists of a series of events which may be related to work or to our so-called leisure time. Work may be relatively automatic—as with typing, for instance. It requires intense concentration and repetition during the learning phase to establish a pattern in the brain. Then the typist's fingers automatically move to hit the appropriate keys as she reads the words on the copy.
However, when she gets tired she makes mistakes much more frequently. To overcome this she has to raise her level of arousal and concentration but beyond a certain point the automaticity is lost and thinking about hitting the keys leads to more mistakes.
Other jobs involve intense concentration such as holding bottles of wine up to a strong light and turning them upside down to look for particles of dirt falling down. This sounds quite easy but experience teaches that workers can do this for only about thirty minutes before they start making a mistake. This is partly because the number of occasions with dirt in the bottle is low and the arousal level, therefore, falls. Scientists have shown that devices to raise arousal level will increase the accuracy of looking for relatively rare events. A recent study of the effect of loss of sleep in young doctors showed that in tests involving a challenge to their medical judgment when short of sleep they raised their arousal level and became better at tests of grammatical reasoning as well.
1. Problem solving——according to the brain blood flow studies.
A. is based on the ability to recite the time
B. causes changes in the distribution of blood in the brain
C. increases blood flow in some areas of the brain
D. demands intense concentration of blood in certain areas
2. The writer suggests that——.
A. the difference between the laboratory studies and real-life situations will be reduced
B. the gap between the laboratory studies and real-life situations is too large to fill up
C. the gap between the laboratory studies and real-life situations can be closed by proper reasoning
D. the results obtained in the laboratory exactly reflects the real-life situations
3. Why does say the examining bottles of wine is a hard work?
A. Because it requires high level of automaticity.
B. Because the bottles must be held upside down.
C. Because it is difficult to see the particles of dirt.
D. Because most bottles are all fight.
4. A key factor is the ability to reason in——according to the passage.
A. the amount of sleep the subject has had
B. the extent to which the subject has been taught to reason
C. the subject's knowledge of grammar
D. the level of arousal of the subject
科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:054
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1~25各题所给的四个选项中,选出一 个最佳答案。
There are many different kinds of taxes 1 in the U.S. The most 2 tax is the sales tax. When someone 3 something, he pays the price of his purchase 4 a small additional percentage. This purchase is the sales tax. The revenue (税收) from the sales goes to the state government to help pay 5 public schools, 6 safety, roads, parks and benefits 7 the poor. Each state sets its own tax percentage. Some states are considerably lower than others. In some states there is no sales tax.
A second type of tax is the 8 tax. This tax is a percentage of all the money 9 by a family each year. Americans pay income taxes to the federal government 10 uses the revenue for national expenses 11 defense, help for the needy and other public services. Some states also have a state income tax. The income tax, 12 other taxes, is usually graduated. This means the tax percentage increases 13 a family's income increases.
A third kind of tax is the 14 tax. This tax is paid by anyone who 15 land or a house. The 16 of the tax is based on the property's 17 . The revenue from this tax goes to 18 governments for school and community services.
In addition people must pay the luxury tax 19 they purchase certain things such as cigarettes and alcoholic beverages (酒饮料).
A fifth kind of tax is the inheritance tax (继承税). When someone 20 usually his family inherits the 21 person's wealth and property. However, those who inherit must pay a percentage of this 22 to the government 23 an inheritance tax.
24 we have heard, there are five kinds of taxes that Americans pay. 25 Americans don't want more taxes.
(1) A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. having paid
[ ]
(2) A. important B. common C. private D. public
[ ]
(3) A. sells B. steals C. loses D. buys
[ ]
(4) A. plus B. times C. minus D. divided
[ ]
(5) A. for B. to C. off D. out
[ ]
(6) A. private B. public C. official D. bosses
[ ]
(7) A. from B. to C. for D. off
[ ]
(8) A. salaries B. income C. money D. wages
[ ]
(9) A. to be earned B. earning C. earned D. having earned
[ ]
(10) A. what B. all what C. where D. which
[ ]
(11) A. for example B. such as C. for instance D. they are
[ ]
(12) A. like B. as C. except D. except that
[ ]
(13) A. before B. unless C. as D. even
[ ]
(14) A. houses B. land C. furniture D. property
[ ]
(15) A. buys B. owns C. had D. sells
[ ]
(16) A. amount B. position C. quality D. reason
[ ]
(17) A. value B. position C. percentage D. importance
[ ]
(18) A. state B. local C. federal D. same
[ ]
(19) A. when B. unless C. because D. since
[ ]
(20) A. died B. will die C. dies D. dying
[ ]
(21) A. death B. dying C. deadly D. dead
[ ]
(22) A. money B. wealth C. amount D. debt
[ ]
(23) A. like B. as C. for D. from
[ ]
(24) A. As B. What C. Which D. That
[ ]
(25) A. No B. Most C. Few D. Fewer
[ ]
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科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:054
完形填空
阅读下列短文,掌握其大意,然后从1-25各题所给的四个选项中,选出一个最佳答案
In the past, American families tended __1__ quite large,and parents __2__ five or __3__ children were common. Over the years the __4__ of the family has decreased(减少). One reason for this is __5__ in the cost of __6__. On the average, children attend schools for more years __7__ they __8__, making them financially dependent __9__ their families longer. Moreover, children nowadays are better __10__ and have __11__ money to spend __12__ entertainment. The parents usually take the responsibility __13__ all the expenses.
Meanwhile, families are __14__ close than they used to be. More and more American mothers work away from home. The break up of the family occurs when the parents divorce(离婚). A lot of children in the U.S. live part of their young __15__ with only one parent. __16__ families usually result in problems for children and parents alike. Children blame themselves when their parents __17__. They __18__ feeling unsettled as they are moved back and forth between parents.
Usually one parent takes the responsibility for raising the children. These single parents must __19__ the children's emotional and psychological needs while also __20__ them financially. This is very demanding and leaves very little time for the parent's own personal interests. Single parents often marry other single parents. In this type of family, unrelated children are forced to __21__ brother or sister relationship.
The situations of many American __22__ today are not good. However, recent signs indicate that things are getting __23__. The divorce rate is declining. The rate of __24__ is rising. Perhaps Americans have learned __25__ important families are.
(1) A. to be |
B. to form |
C. to turn |
D. to become |
[ ] |
(2) A. had |
B. raising |
C. rising |
D. lost |
[ ] |
(3) A. six |
B. less |
C. more |
D. four |
[ ] |
(4) A. size |
B. number |
C. amount |
D. change |
[ ] |
(5) A. a drop |
B. a decrease |
C. amount |
D. change |
[ ] |
(6) A. house |
B. food |
C. clothing |
D. living |
[ ] |
(7) A. than |
B. when |
C. as |
D. like |
[ ] |
(8) A. do |
B. have |
C. had |
D. used to |
[ ] |
(9) A. to |
B. on |
C. for |
D. against |
[ ] |
(10) A. dressed |
B. worn |
C. dressing |
D. wearing |
[ ] |
(11) A. less |
B. fewer |
C. more |
D. most |
[ ] |
(12) A. in |
B. at |
C. on |
D. to |
[ ] |
(13) A. for |
B. to |
C. by |
D. into |
[ ] |
(14) A. more |
B. little |
C. less |
D. fewer |
[ ] |
(15) A. time |
B. childhood |
C. ages |
D. lives |
[ ] |
(16) A. Divorced |
B. Broken |
C. Deserted |
D. Remarried |
[ ] |
(17) A. separate |
B. quarrel |
C. fight |
D. leave |
[ ] |
(18) A. grown up |
B. build up |
C. set up |
D. made up |
[ ] |
(19) A. have lest |
B. give |
C. care for |
D. offer |
[ ] |
(20) A. supporting |
B. opposing |
C. indicating |
D. showing |
[ ] |
(21) A. defend |
B. prove |
C. indicate |
D. develop |
[ ] |
(22) A. cities |
B. towns |
C. families |
D. villages |
[ ] |
(23) A. better |
B. worse |
C. fewer |
D. newer |
[ ] |
(24) A. death |
B. marriage |
C. deserts |
D. children |
[ ] |
(25) A. how |
B. what |
C. that |
D. why |
[ ] |
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科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:054
完形填空
The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. __1__ springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the __2__ areas like the desert. The control is possible even without possession of large areas of __3__ land. In the early days of the American west, gun fights were not __4__ for the water resources(资源), and laws had to be __5__ to protect the water rights of the __6__ and the use of the water resources accordingly.
__7__ is known to us all, there is not __8__ water in all places for everyone to use as much as he likes. Deciding on the __9__ of water that will be used in any particular period __10__ careful planning, so that people can manage and use water more __11__. Farmers have to change their use of or demand for water __12__ the water supply forecast(预报).
The __13__ water supply forecast is based more on the water from the__14__than from the below. Interest is __15__ in the ways to increase rainfall by man-made methods, and to get water from the winter snow on mountain __16__. With special equipment, some scientists are studying the ways in which the mountain snow can be __17__, and with the help of a repeater station, they send the __18__ data(数据)to the base station. The operator at the base station can get the data at any time by __19__ a button. In the near future, the forecast and use of water __20__ probably depend on the advance knowledge of snow on mountains, not of water underground.
(1)A.Using |
B.Holding |
C.Owning |
D.Finding |
(2)A.dry |
B.distant |
C.deserted |
D.wild |
(3)A.fine |
B.beautiful |
C.rich |
D.farming |
(4)A.unlawful |
B.unacceptable |
C.unpopular |
D.uncommon |
(5)A.made |
B.designed |
C.signed |
D.written |
(6)A.winners |
B.settlers |
C.fighters |
D.supporters |
(7)A.That |
B.It |
C.What |
D.As |
(8)A.plentiful |
B.enough |
C.any |
D.much |
(9)A.type |
B.quality |
C.amount |
D.level |
(10)A.requests |
B.requires |
C.means |
D.suggests |
(11)A.effectively |
B.easily |
C.conveniently |
D.actively |
(12)A.leading to |
B.due to |
C.owing to |
D.according to |
(13)A.correct |
B.further |
C.average |
D.early |
(14)A.clouds |
B.sky |
C.air |
D.above |
(15)A.raising |
B.rising |
C.building |
D.lasting |
(16)A.rocks |
B.tips |
C.tops |
D.trees |
(17)A.taken care of |
B.made use of |
C.piled up |
D.saved up |
(18)A.picked |
B.produced |
C.used |
D.gathered |
(19)A.touching |
B.knocking |
C.pressing |
D.turning |
(20)A.might |
B.can |
C.will |
D.should |
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科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:054
完形填空
Every country has its heroes. The heroes are the people the nation and especially the young people __1__. If you get a list of the heroes of a nation, __2__ will tell you the potential(潜力)of the nation.
If today in America, you ask the high school students __3__ their heroes, their __4__ would probably fall into three groups. The first group of heroes would be the rock stars--the people __5__ with rock music. There is no doubt that such people do have talent but one __6__ if one should hold up rock stars as a __7__. The rock stars are too often mixed with drug and their personal life. is not all that __8__. The rock stars are rich and wear the latest fashion styles. However, one should put more in a hero than__9__things as money and fine clothes.
A __10__ type of heroes for the American youth are the sports stars. Again you have a person who has a great talent in one area-- __11__. However, too often the personal like of the sports stars is __12__ discovery. Too frequently drugs and drinking are a part of life of the sports stars.
A third group of heroes are TV or movie stars. These people may have lots of __13__ talent and are quite handsome. It is quite sad that they __14__ be held up as a model for young people.
Today, the rock stars, the sportsmen, and the actors __15__ have become the models of the youth in America. Really, do you hear a young person say that his __16___ is a doctor, a teacher, or a scientist? These people are not __17__ and do not wear fashionable clothes. However, they are __18__ people who work hard to make the world a better place for everyone.
What is really sad is that the young try to __19__ their idols(偶像). They like to wear the same clothes as theirs. If the idols today for the American youth are __20__ only to rock stars, sportsmen and actors, the future of the youth, as well as the nation, does not look too bright.
(1)A.like |
B.admire |
C.miss |
D.remember |
(2)A.they |
B.which |
C.who |
D.it |
(3)A.to give |
B.to list |
C.to call |
D.to love |
(4)A.choice |
B.advice |
C.kind |
D.question |
(5)A.interested |
B.connected |
C.excited |
D.pleased |
(6)A.wants |
B.hopes |
C.wonders |
D.experts |
(7)A.friend |
B.teacher |
C.model |
D.enemy |
(8)A.bad |
B.simple |
C.happy |
D.good |
(9)A.such |
B.so |
C.the |
D.all |
(10)A.another |
B.other |
C.second |
D.different |
(11)A.sports |
B.music |
C.movie |
D.teaching |
(12)A.little |
B.a bit of |
C.a few |
D.any |
(13)A.teaching |
B.running |
C.acting |
D.pretending |
(14)A.should not |
B.should |
C.must |
D.may not |
(15)A.both |
B.each |
C.all |
D.none |
(16)A.parent |
B.husband |
C.wife |
D.hero |
(17)A.rich |
B.poor |
C.health |
D.worth |
(18)A.clever |
B.talented |
C.terrible |
D.weak |
(19)A.change |
B.praise |
C.encourage |
D.follow |
(20)A.enough |
B.limited |
C.thought |
D.great |
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科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:阅读理解
Carmen’s mother Maria had just survived a serious heart attack. But without a heart transplant(移植)her life was in constant 36 .
Both the mother and daughter knew that the chances were very 37 : finding a donor heart that 38 Maria’s blood type could take years. 39 , Carmen was determined to save her mother. She kept 40 hospitals all over the country.
Days stretched out. By Christmas, Maria had trouble 41 from one end of the room to the other. Carmen lost all hope. She fell into a 42 of the hospital, crying.
“Are you okay?” a man asked.
Carmen sobbed as she told the stranger her 43 . This middle-aged man was named Frank, whose wife, Cheryl, a tender and devoted mother of four lovely children, had been in hospital with a brain disease and wouldn’t 44 it through the night. Suddenly, an idea came to Frank’s mind. He knew Cheryl had always wanted to 45 something from herself. Could her 46 go to Carmen’s mother?
After reviewing the data, doctors 47 Frank that his wife’s heart was by some miracle a perfect 48 for Carmen’s mother. They were able to 49 the transplant.
That cold night, when Cheryl was 50 dead, Frank came to knock at Maria’s door. She was 51 for Frank’s family as she had been doing every day recently. Though Maria had never met Frank before, they both felt a strange 52 as they hugged and cried.
On New Year’s Eve, Carmen attended Cheryl’s 53 with Frank’s family, who were singing their favorite song “My heart will go on.”
One day later, on New Year’s Day, Maria 54 with Cheryl’s heart. Yes, Cheryl’s loving heart would go on, for it was 55 in another loving mother’s chest.
36. A. change B. danger C. disorder D. pain
37. A. small B. distant C. hard D. precious
38. A. matched B. replaced C. controlled D. cooperated
39. A. Certainly B. Otherwise C. However D. So
40. A. finding B. phoning C. touring D. interrupting
41. A. rolling B. running C. walking D. jumping
42. A. corner B. bed C. man D. nurse
43. A. mother B. story C. error D. dream
44. A. put B. support C. pass D. make
45. A. save B. recycle C. donate D. separate
46. A. heart B. brain C. husband D. spirit
47. A. informed B. warned C. congratulated D. reminded
48. A. copy B. fit C. variation D. baby
49. A. give up B. carry out C. search after D. put off
50. A. noticed B. predicted C. found D. declared
51. A. praying B. begging C. decorating D. singing
52. A. belief B. love C. connection D. relief
53. A. funeral B. operation C. performance D. anniversary
54. A. passed away B. woke up C. left behind D. dressed up
55. A. active B. alive C. necessary D. changeable
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