A. stable B. solutions C. considerable D. role E. included
F. task G. compose H. impact I. challenges J. certainly
With the world's population growing from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers, businesses and governments are already dealing with the ___1.___ this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure (基础设施) and jobs. The demand for energy will keep growing, and is expected to double over the next 40 years.
Finding the resources to meet this demand in a ___2.___, sustainable way is the basis of our nation's energy security, and will be one of the major ___3.___of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy- bio-fuels, wind and solar are ___4.____ being funded and developed, and will play a growing___5.___ in the world's energy supply. But experts say that even when combined, alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world's energy needs by 2050.
For example, even with ___6.___ investments, such as the $93 million for wind energy development ___7.___ in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels __8.___ only about 1% of the market today.
Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of ___9.___ both traditional and alternative.
1.H
2.A
3.I
4.J
5.D
6.C
7.E
8.G
9.B
【解析】
试题分析:本文叙述了随着世界上人口的增长,为了满足人们的生活的需要开发利用其他的能源例如生物燃料、风能和太阳能这已经成为21世纪的最大的挑战。在未来要调整这三种能源所占的能源比例。
1.根据this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure (基础设施) and jobs.研究人员企业和政府都在处理这种人口的增长将给一切从粮食到基础设施及工作带来的影响,空格后是定语从句,有on连用的是impact,故选H。
2.根据与sustainable way相对应的词stable“稳定的”,故选A。
3.本空前面为形容词major, 于是这里需要填入名词,之前还有one of,于是必须填入复数名词,在I与B中选。本句主语是“找寻”某资源,所以这被概括为一种挑战更为恰当,故选I。
4.本空所在句不缺任何成分,并且其还出现在被动语态be动词和实义动词之间,所以必然填入副词,故选J。
5.空前a growing表明此处填名词,再往前看有个动词play,因此填入role构成习语play a role in,故选D。
6.空后Investments为名词,此处填入形容词,剩下形容词中只有significant可表示可观的、大量的,形容投资非常多。故选C。
7.本空出现在名词development之后,整句在such as所引导的例子里,本应为一整个名词性结构,而其后又有专有名词ARRA,于是此处应填入非谓语动词作development的后置定语,剩下词中只有included这一个。故选E。
8.空后有明显语言标志1%,因此这里应该选择表示组成、构成、占有的comprise由组成, 故选G。
9.此处在a lot of之后,因此填入复数名词,整句意为“能源与可持续专家认为,日后能源需求的解决可能将来自于许多传统和替代的_______。”还剩下“解决方式”和“工作”两个选项; solutions更符合语义。故选B。
考点:选词填空。
点评:选词填空题型是一种综合性很强的阅读类试题,集阅读理解与完形填空于一身,主要考查学生对词汇、句型、语法知识的综合运用能力、阅读能力以及逻辑推理、综合判断和分析归纳的能力。要求学生根据文章含义从所给的10 个词汇中选出9 个恰当的词,每词只能用一次,并用其正确形式进行填空,使短文语法正确、意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。该题设置灵活,难度较大,考生极易失分。
科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:阅读理解
Even facts “forgotten” by people during a busy day may be retrieved if this is followed by a good night’s sleep.
Researchers from the University of Chicago asked volunteers to remember simple words.Many found their memories letting them down towards the end of the day, but the following morning, those who had slept well could recall much more.
Researchers, writing in the journal Nature, said the brain could “rescue” lost memories during the night.
When the brain is first asked to remember something that memory is laid down in an “unstable” state, meaning that it is possible that it could be lost.At some point, the brain consolidates those it deems important into a “stable”, more permanent state.However, the Chicago researchers suggested that it was possible for a “stable” memory to be made “unstable” again.This would mean that memories could be modified then filed away again in the face of new experiences.
The 12 volunteers tested in the experiment were played words created through a speech synthesizer which were purposely difficult to understand.Initially, the written version of the word from the audio version only.Tests revealed that the ability to recall the right word tended to tail off as the day ended.
However, when the volunteers were retested after a good night’s sleep, they were able to recall some words that they had “ forgotten” the previous evening.
Dr Daniel, one of the study authors, said: “Sleep consolidates memories, protecting them against subsequent interference or decay.Sleep also appears to “recover” or restore memories.” He said: “If performance is reduced by decay, sleep might actively recover what has been lost.”
Dr Karim Nader, from the Department of Psychology in McGill University in Montreal, said: “Memory research is undergoing a transformation---no longer is memory thought to be a hard-writing of the brain, instead it seems to be a process of storage and restorage.”
Sleep helps some memories “mature” and also prunes out unimportant memories.
What does the first paragraph implies?
A.A busy day makes people forget things easily.
B.People need a good night’s sleep after a busy day.
C.A good night’s sleep helps memories.
D.A good night’s sleep helps people forget a busy day.
The words the 12 volunteers played in the experiment were not ____
A.created through a speech synthesizer
B.hard to understand
C.available at the beginning
D.designed to test people’s ability of understanding
According to the passage, memory_____
A.is a hard-writing of the brain
B.is not a process of storage
C.is not a process of restorage
D.will be mature with the help of sleep
Which of the following is NOT true?
A.When people first remember something, the memory is in an “unstable state”.
B.The brain will change those important unstable memories into stable.
C.Once the memory become stable, it will never become unstable again.
D.Sleep can protect memories from being harmed.
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科目:高中英语 来源:2012年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语(湖北卷带解析) 题型:阅读理解
How is it that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family. The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father.
Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each others’ lives. Dr. Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children aren’t getting the same one-on-one time with parents. But that doesn’t mean that the younger children have problems with language development. Later-borns don’t enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”.
A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Love-hate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.
One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.
【小题1】The underlined part “in a different family” (in Para. 1) means “_______”.
A.in a different family environment |
B.in a different family tradition |
C.in different family crises |
D.in different families |
A.get their parents’ individual guidance |
B.learn a lot from their elder siblings |
C.experience a lot of difficulties |
D.pick up words more quickly |
A.Siblings hated fighting and loved playing. |
B.Siblings in some families fought frequently. |
C.Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships. |
D.Siblings learned to get on together from fights. |
A.having qualities of parents |
B.having qualities of women |
C.having defensive qualities |
D.having extraordinary qualities |
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科目:高中英语 来源:2012-2013学年浙江省乐清市高三第四次月考英语试卷(解析版) 题型:阅读理解
You hear the comment all the time: the U.S. economy looks good by figures, but it doesn’t feel good. Why doesn’t ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Wealthy Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.
The Wealthy Society is a modern classic because it helped describe a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold” threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. “Poverty (贫穷) was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.” After World War II, the fear of another Great Depression gave way to an economic growth. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.
To Galbraith, materialism (物质主义) had gone mad and would cause discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didn’t really want or need. Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unsatisfying. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people wrongly considered government only as “a necessary bad.”
It’s often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving rich — overpaid chief managers, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most people’s incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, people feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often don’t satisfy their rising wants — for bigger homes, more health care, more education, and faster Internet connections.
The other great disappointment is that it has not got rid of insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As company unemployment increased, that part has gradually become weaker. More workers fear they’ve become “the disposable American,” as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.
Because so much previous suffering and social conflict resulted from poverty, the arrival of widespread wealth suggested utopian (乌托邦式的) possibilities. Up to a point, wealth succeeds. There is much less physical suffering than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, wealth also creates new complaints.
Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the search for growth cause new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Wealth sets free the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-accomplishment. But the promise is so unreasonable that it leads to many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, including family breakdown. Figures indicate that happiness has not risen with incomes.
Should we be surprised? Not really. We’ve simply confirmed an old truth: the seeking of wealth does not always end with happiness.
1.The Wealthy Society is a book ________.
A.about poverty in the past
B.written by Louis Uchitelle
C.indicating that people are becoming worse off
D.about why happiness does not rise with wealth
2.According to Galbraith, people feel discontented because ________.
A.materialism has run wild in modern society
B.they are in fear of another Great Depression
C.public spending hasn’t been cut down as expected
D.the government has proved to be necessary but ugly
3.Why do people feel“squeezed”when their average income rises considerably?
A.They think there are too many overpaid rich.
B.There is more unemployment in modern society.
C.Their material demands go faster than their earnings.
D.Health care and educational cost have somehow gone out of control.
4.What does Louis Uchitelle mean by “the disposable American” ?
A.People with a stable job.
B.Workers who no longer have secure jobs.
C.Those who see job stability as part of their living standard.
D.People who have a sense of security because of their rising incomes.
5.What has wealth brought to American society?
A.Stability and security.
B.Materialism and content.
C.A sense of self-accomplishment.
D.New anxiety, conflicts and complaints.
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科目:高中英语 来源:2010年湖南省高二水平考试三模英语试卷 题型:完型填空
完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从第31至第40小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
With the development of industry, factories produce large amounts of 31 chemicals. These chemicals go into the atmosphere and flow into the water, making many plants and animals 32 and large areas of the world damaged. 33 , the world’s population 34 to 6.5 billion.
Some people suggest cutting back on production, thinking more about recycling and teaching people about 35 friendly ways of living.
While some people say that a healthy environment and a stable economy should be possible at the same time. They don’t think the economy development is bad for the environment, saying there are many factories and industries 36 control the amount of pollution they produce and spend money 37 any damage they cause. They are concerned 38 the environment.
The way to 39 the environment may be recycling, and making more effective laws to control the numbers of trees 40 and fishes caught. Factories should have to pay higher taxes. And many people are willing to pay higher prices for environmentally friendly things.
31. A. useless B. good C. poisonous D. harmless
32. A. die B. dies C. dying D. died
33. A. In addition B. In all C. In time D. In the end
34. A. is grown B. is growing C. had grown D. grow
35. A. elementary B. environmental C. environmentalist D. environmentally
36. A. where B. which C. what D. who
37. A. repaire B. repaired C. repairing D. to repaire
38. A. with B. about C. in D. to
39. A. damage B. build C. preserve D. ruin
40. A. cut down B. cut off C. cut up D. cut in
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科目:高中英语 来源:2010届上海市高三八校联考英语试题 题型:阅读理解
In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence--- as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch(关键时刻), we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instinct remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learned that violence never solves a problem but makes it even acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed(流血), the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.
The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persuaded by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement(执行). If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.
72. What is the best title for this passage?
A. Advocating Violence.
B. Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice
C. Violence as a Legitimate Solution
D. Violence: The Instinct of Human Race
73. Recorded history has taught us __________.
A. violence never solves anything B. nothing
C. the bloodshed means nothing D. everything
74. It can be inferred that truly reasonable men ________.
A. can’t get a hearing B. are looked down upon
C. are persecuted D. have difficulty in advocating law enforcement
75. According to the author, the best way to solve race prejudice is ________.
A. law enforcement B. knowledge C. nonviolence D. mopping up the violent mess
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