1.We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively.We achieve it actively by direct experience,by testing and proving an idea,or by reasoning.
We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else.Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive.Conditioned as we are to passive learning,it's not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.
Unfortunately,passive learning has a serious problem.It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay(传闻) and rumor.
Did you ever play the game Rumor?It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn't show it to anyone.Then the person whispers it,word for word,to another person.That person,in turn,whispers it to still another,and so on,through all the people playing the game.The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it.Then the two written statements are compared.Typically,the original message has changed.
That's what happens in daily life.The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story.Then,too,most people listen imperfectly.And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story,trying to improve on it,stamping it with their own personal style.Yet those who hear it think they know.
This process is also found among scholars and authors:A statement of opinion by one writer may be restated as fact by another,who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue,unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.
5.According to the passage,active learning may occur inC.
A.reading scientific journals
B.listening to the teacher in class
C.doing a chemical experiment
D.watching news programmes on TV
6.What does the underlined word"it"in Paragraph 2 refer to?D
A.Classroom.B.Newspapers.C.Active learning.D.Passive learning.
7.The game Rumor is mentioned in Paragraph 4 in order to tell readers thatC.
A.playing games can make people more active
B.people tend to like telling lies when playing games
C.a message may be changed when being passed on
D.people may have problems with their sense of hearing
8.What can be inferred from the text?B
A.Scholars and authors can't be trusted.
B.Passive learning may not be reliable.
C.People like spreading rumors in daily life.
D.Active learning is more Important than passive learning.
分析 我们可以主动或被动地获得知识,我们可以通过直接经验,通过测试和证明一个想法,或通过推理来积极地获得.本文主要介绍了被动获得知识所存在的一个严重的问题--被告知的可能是谣言.并用现实生活中简单的事例加以说明.
解答 5.C 细节理解题.根据第二段的we achieve knowledge passively by being told by someelse,…in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV of readnewspaper or magazines is passive可知,通过别人告诉我们知识,以及在课堂上或看电视和读报纸或杂志都是被动地获取知识,属于被动学习.所以做化学实验属于主动学习,故选C.
6.D 词义猜测题.根据it 所在句可知,这个代词指代的是前句所提的被动学习,句意:在日常生活中依靠被动学习并不奇怪.故选D.
7.C 写作意图题.通过第四段最后一句可知,原始的含义改变了,例证了第三段提出的论点"被动学习使我们接受被告知的事物,甚至有时是谣言."故选C.
8.B 推理判断题.根据第三段内容可知,不幸的是,被动学习有一个严重的问题.它使我们倾向于接受我们被告知的内容,即使是道听途说和谣言.可推知被动学习可能不可靠,故选B.
点评 本文是科教类阅读,主要考查细节理解题和推理判断题.在做细节理解题时,首先根据题目要求迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语.认真比较选项和文中细节的区别,在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.