Yawning is so contagious(具有传染性的) that chimpanzees can “catch” it from cartoons, according to research.
Scientists from Emory University in Atlanta，US, have discovered that a cartoon of a yawning chimp will stimulate(刺激) real chimps to yawn. They describe in the Royal Society journal，Proceedings B，how this could assist in the future study of empathy(同感，共鸣)．The work could also help explain if and how computer games might cause children to imitate what they see on screen.
Previous studies have already shown contagious yawning in chimpanzees—stimulated by videorecorded footage of yawns.
“We wanted to expand on that，” explained Matthew Campbell，a researcher from Emory University's Yerkes National Primate Research Center and lead author of the study.“We're interested in using cartoons for presenting stimuli to animals, because we can control all the features of what we show them，” he continued.
Although Dr Campbell doesn't think the chimps were “fooled” by the cartoons into thinking they were looking at real chimps, he explained that there was evidence that chimpanzees “process animated(动画的) faces the same way they process photographs of faces”．
He said, “It's not a real chimpanzee，but it kind of looks like a chimpanzee, and they're responding to that.”
He and his team, including Devyn Carter who designed the cartoons, showed the animals the yawning sequences.
“We also had the cartoons doing other movements with their mouths that the chimps often do，” he said.“The chimps showed a lot more yawning during the yawn video than when the control videos were playing.”
He told BBC News that the only way he and his colleagues could explain the “very strong difference” they saw was that seeing the yawns was making the animals yawn.
20．According to the passage, the scientists have found that ________．
A．yawning is a contagious facial expression among chimps
B．chimps will imitate a cartoon chimp who is yawning
C．chimps are able to understand cartoons very well
D．chimps like watching cartoons very much
21．According to the passage we can learn that ________．
A．yawning on both cartoon videos and pictures can make chimps yawn
B．Devyn Carter led the study about contagious yawning
C．children will also be stimulated to yawn by the videos of chimps
D．people can control all the features of animals through cartoons
22．By studying the action of chimps, the scientists hope to ________．
A．teach them more body language of human beings
B．learn how chimps use their brains to study
C．control the actions and behaviors of animals
D．create more charming cartoon characters
23．The passage is mainly talking about ________．
A．a serious research about chimps' body language
B．those contagious gestures of animals
C．why children imitate what they see on TV
D．a study about chimps' ability of imitating
研究表明，黑猩猩会模仿动画片中黑猩猩的打呵欠动作，如果能充分利用黑猩猩的这种模仿能力，人类对动物行为的控制将取得重大突破。
20．B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知黑猩猩看到动画片中打呵欠的黑猩猩时，会进行模仿。
21．A 细节理解题。根据第五段后半部分中的内容可知无论是动画片中还是图片中的打呵欠动作都可以让黑猩猩打呵欠。
22．C 推理判断题。黑猩猩看到动画片中打呵欠的黑猩猩后会进行模仿，第四段的后半部分提到科学家可以控制所有的播放内容，由此可推断科学家希望通过研究黑猩猩的模仿行为来控制动物的行为和举止。
23．D 主旨大意题。本文是一篇研究报道，第一段是文章的中心段，根据该段内容可知文章是关于黑猩猩模仿能力的一项研究。
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is a yawn（哈欠） and why do people yawn? A yawn is often associated with a person being tired． People yawn for many reasons including stress, boredom, emotion and overwork．
Have you noticed that yawning seems to be contagious （会传染的）? If one person yawns, this appears to cause another person to yawn．Researchers have found that 40-60% of people who see a picture of someone yawning will yawn themselves．
Some people think that yawning is rude and suggests that you are bored or uninterested．Maybe a yawn is a signal to a group that it’s time to go to sleep, or if someone yawns when they're bored, it may be a sign to change the topic of conversation． Animals of all types yawn．If you have a dog or cat, you've probably seen your pet yawn several times．Even some birds yawn such as cockatiel parrots, Adelie penguins and Emperor penguins．
Some of the scientific explanations of why we yawn claim it is caused by physical needs．One likely explana??tion is that the yawning reflex happens when our blood needs more oxygen．The deep breath helps supply the levels of oxygen in our blood． It is also thought that the same chemicals in our brain that affect our moods and emotions cause us to yawn．
Superstitions about yawning have been around for hundreds of years and can date back to the ancient Greeks．A common superstition says that a person must cover his or her mouth when yawning so that the soul does not escape through the mouth． Today most people do not believe these superstitions and know that a yawn is a physical reflex．
A．Did you yawn while reading this article?
B．Yawning is not limited to humans．
C．It will make you lose interest in your work．
D．But this is not always the cause for a yawn．
E．Even reading the word YAWN can make people yawn．
F．However, it doesn't mean that you need rest or relax??ation．
G．Other people believe that yawning is a sign that danger is near．
H．Another common theory is that a yawn helps regulate our body temperature．
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
It is not unusual to see your desk-mate yawn (打呵欠) as he complains that he didn't have a good sleep the night before. Many teens don't get enough sleep because they have too much homework, which keeps them up at night. Some teens cannot sleep at night even when they want to.
Studies show that during your teenage years, the body's biological clock is reset, telling you to sleep later at night and wake up later in the morning.
But changes in the body clock aren't the only reason teens lose sleep. Lots of people have insomnia (失眠). The most common cause of insomnia is stress. But all sorts of things can lead to insomnia. These include physical discomfort, emotional troubles and even sleeping environment. It's common for everyone to have insomnia from time to time. But if it lasts for a month or more go and see a doctor.
Some people have a condition that causes stomach acid (酸) to move backward towards the chest. This produces the uncomfortable, burning feeling called heartburn. So even if the person doesn't notice the feelings of heartburn because he is sleeping, he may feel tired the next day.
Most teens have nightmares sometimes. But, if they are frequent, a person's sleep pattern can be seriously affected. The most common cause of nightmares is emotional problems, such as stress (压力) or anxiety. If you have them a lot, it's a good idea to talk to a doctor.
Doctors encourage teens to make lifestyle changes to develop good sleeping habits. You probably know that coffee can keep you awake, but did you know that playing video games or watching TV does the same?
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is ________.
A. There is a problem that teenagers can’t get enough sleep.
B. Sleeping problems have different causes.
C. Yawning is a good way to get rid of sleep.
D. Teenagers care too much for homework.
2. The Teenagers’ biological clock ________.
A. easily makes teenagers lead to insomnia
B. is the origin of their insomnia
C. provides them with plenty of time at night
D. is helpful to improve their concentration(注意力)
3. What does the writer say about “nightmares”?
A. It is nothing and shouldn’t be taken seriously.
B. It can release their stress or anxiety.
C. Emotional problems are the only way to form nightmares.
D. People will suffer from sleep if frequent.
4. Which way can help to get rid of insomnia?
A. Drinking some coffee before going to bed.
B. Playing video game or watching TV from time to time.
C. Turning to a doctor for help.
D. Eating much medicine for insomnia.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is a yawn（哈欠） and why do people yawn? A yawn is often associated with a person being tired． People yawn for many reasons including stress, boredom, emotion and overwork．
Have you noticed that yawning seems to be contagious （会传染的）? If one person yawns, this appears to cause another person to yawn．Researchers have found that 40-60% of people who see a picture of someone yawning will yawn themselves．
Some people think that yawning is rude and suggests that you are bored or uninterested．Maybe a yawn is a signal to a group that it’s time to go to sleep, or if someone yawns when they're bored, it may be a sign to change the topic of conversation． Animals of all types yawn．If you have a dog or cat, you've probably seen your pet yawn several times．Even some birds yawn such as cockatiel parrots, Adelie penguins and Emperor penguins．
Some of the scientific explanations of why we yawn claim it is caused by physical needs．One likely explana??tion is that the yawning reflex happens when our blood needs more oxygen．The deep breath helps supply the levels of oxygen in our blood． It is also thought that the same chemicals in our brain that affect our moods and emotions cause us to yawn．
Superstitions about yawning have been around for hundreds of years and can date back to the ancient Greeks．A common superstition says that a person must cover his or her mouth when yawning so that the soul does not escape through the mouth． Today most people do not believe these superstitions and know that a yawn is a physical reflex．
A．Did you yawn while reading this article?
B．Yawning is not limited to humans．
C．It will make you lose interest in your work．
D．But this is not always the cause for a yawn．
E．Even reading the word YAWN can make people yawn．
F．However, it doesn't mean that you need rest or relax??ation．
G．Other people believe that yawning is a sign that danger is near．
H．Another common theory is that a yawn helps regulate our body temperature．
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英语 来源：2012-2013学年四川省南充高中高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
Can you remember a morning when you’ve woken up to the ring of your alarm clock and wished you could stay in bed? You haven’t slept well, your hair is a mess. Worse, you can’t stop yawning. Yawning is universal to humans and many animals. Cats, dogs and fish yawn just like humans do! Yawning is an involuntary(无意识的,不自觉的) action during which you open your mouth and breathe deeply. The average duration of a yawn is about 6 seconds.
The purpose and cause of yawning are still a mystery. Scientists are not sure what causes a yawn. People yawn when they are tired or bored, but they also yawn when they aren’t. There are many ideas explaining why we yawn.
One idea is that yawning is a way for the body to become more alert by taking in more oxygen. A yawn increases the heart rate, forces carbon dioxide out of the lungs and blood stream, and brings oxygen to the brain. But one study showed that volunteers given a lot of oxygen did not yawn any less than before, while those given a lot of carbon dioxide did not yawn more.
Another idea is that early humans used yawning as a form of communication. If one decided it was time to sleep, they would tell the others by yawning and they would do it in return to show they agreed.
A third explanation comes from psychology professor Gordon Gallup of University at Albany in New York. He said that as people yawn, they cool off their brains. “Brains are like computers.” he said. “They only operate efficiently and effectively when they’re cool. Many things connected to yawning, like being tired, make the brain hot, and yawning can reduce the heat.”
Scientists have sent people into space, and created terrible nuclear weapons, but there are lots of seemingly simple things, such as why we yawn, or hiccup（打嗝）, that they can’t figure out. Next time you are in class in the morning, let out a big yawn and watch to see how many of your classmates yawn in response!
【小题1】What’s the purpose of the description of how bad you may feel when you’re woken up in the morning?
| A．To explain why humans yawn. |
| B．To explain how humans start yawning. |
| C．To lead into the topic of yawning. |
| D．To complain about being woken up by the clock. |
| A．A way to show that you feel hot. |
| B．A way to get rid of carbon dioxide. |
| C．A way to cool off your brain. |
| D．A way to communicate. |
| A．When you feel frustrated. |
| B．The weather is hot. |
| C．Someone else yawns near you. |
| D．When you breathe in a lot of carbon dioxide. |
| A．The real reason why humans and most animals yawn. |
| B．Hiccups are an involuntary human action similar to yawns. |
| C．The more an action can be studied, the easier it is to research. |
| D．Finding out why humans yawn should be easier than sending people into space. |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2012-2013学年四川省高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Can you remember a morning when you’ve woken up to the ring of your alarm clock and wished you could stay in bed? You haven’t slept well, your hair is a mess. Worse, you can’t stop yawning. Yawning is universal to humans and many animals. Cats, dogs and fish yawn just like humans do! Yawning is an involuntary(无意识的,不自觉的) action during which you open your mouth and breathe deeply. The average duration of a yawn is about 6 seconds.
The purpose and cause of yawning are still a mystery. Scientists are not sure what causes a yawn. People yawn when they are tired or bored, but they also yawn when they aren’t. There are many ideas explaining why we yawn.
One idea is that yawning is a way for the body to become more alert by taking in more oxygen. A yawn increases the heart rate, forces carbon dioxide out of the lungs and blood stream, and brings oxygen to the brain. But one study showed that volunteers given a lot of oxygen did not yawn any less than before, while those given a lot of carbon dioxide did not yawn more.
Another idea is that early humans used yawning as a form of communication. If one decided it was time to sleep, they would tell the others by yawning and they would do it in return to show they agreed.
A third explanation comes from psychology professor Gordon Gallup of University at Albany in New York. He said that as people yawn, they cool off their brains. “Brains are like computers.” he said. “They only operate efficiently and effectively when they’re cool. Many things connected to yawning, like being tired, make the brain hot, and yawning can reduce the heat.”
Scientists have sent people into space, and created terrible nuclear weapons, but there are lots of seemingly simple things, such as why we yawn, or hiccup（打嗝）, that they can’t figure out. Next time you are in class in the morning, let out a big yawn and watch to see how many of your classmates yawn in response!
1.What’s the purpose of the description of how bad you may feel when you’re woken up in the morning?
|
A．To explain why humans yawn. |
|
B．To explain how humans start yawning. |
|
C．To lead into the topic of yawning. |
|
D．To complain about being woken up by the clock. |
2.Which is not among the possible reasons for yawning mentioned in the passage?
|
A．A way to show that you feel hot. |
|
B．A way to get rid of carbon dioxide. |
|
C．A way to cool off your brain. |
|
D．A way to communicate. |
3.In which situation are you likely to yawn?
|
A．When you feel frustrated. |
|
B．The weather is hot. |
|
C．Someone else yawns near you. |
|
D．When you breathe in a lot of carbon dioxide. |
4.What can we learn from the passage?
|
A．The real reason why humans and most animals yawn. |
|
B．Hiccups are an involuntary human action similar to yawns. |
|
C．The more an action can be studied, the easier it is to research. |
|
D．Finding out why humans yawn should be easier than sending people into space. |
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