Question

阅读理解

　　We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.

　　Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity (机会) and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. The standards may be changed—no examination is perfect—but to have no external(外部的) tests or exams would mean the end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in external examinations or in any controls in schools or on teachers. This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency(实力) , the ideal and the purpose of each teacher.

　　Without external examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them—a form of favoritism (偏袒)will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from an ill-respected school can show certificates(证书) to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lack of a certificate shows the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well-respected school. This defence of excellence and opportunity would disappear if external examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school's fame , unable to compete for employment with the child from the favoured school.

　　The opponents(反对者) of the examination system suggest that examinations am an evil force because they show differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class. They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by sane computer.

　　These people are not just against school organization, but are at war with the whole idea of modem competitive society and they are using children in schools for their destructive(破坏性的) purposes. There is no reason why we should allow such people to determine the way our schools are organised when it is to the obvious disadvantage of the pupils, of the schools and of our society as a whole.

1．According to the passage, the writer thinks that ________.

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A．changing the standards could mean the end of equality

B．standards must keep changing to achieve equality

C．there would be no standards without external exams

D．we cannot have standards as examinations are not perfect

2．In the writer's opinion, what would happen if external examinations were taken away?

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A．There would be no more opportunities and no more excellence.

B．Children from poor families would not be able to change schools.

C．Going to a favoured school should be the only way to get a good job.

D．Schools for bright children would lose their fame.

3．The situation at the moment is that ________.

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A．many children who are suitable for a job have no proof of their suitability

B．a school's fame is not important, as long as a child has a certificate

C．children attending well-respected schools need not get certificates

D．a bright child doesn't need a certificate at all to get a good job

4．Which of the following sentences is TRUE?

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A．Most students from poor families can't get a good job.

B．Some people are using students to destroy our society.

C．The writer thinks it a good way to choose a job by computer.

D．The opponents of the examination want to reorganize schools.

5．The opponents would agree that ________.

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A．computers should be selected to take over many jobs

B．particular people should not be chosen for particular jobs

C．well-respected schools should be got rid of as soon as possible

D．the students are not equally treated if they take external examinations

Answer 1

答案：C;A;B;D;D
解析：

1．C　导解：文中提到那些提倡平等的人实际上想毁灭它，这些人的做法对孩子、学校、社会不利． 　　2．A　导解：第三段说如果没有考试，雇主只从那些名声好的学校和自己了解的家庭招聘，孩子们难以与来自名校的学生抗衡，没有考试就没有平等与水平． 　　3．B　导解：第三段提到不规范学校有文凭的毕业生与来自好学校而没有证书的学生的比较，从文中可知B对． 　　4．D　导解：文章提到这些人实际上是反对学校机构，反对整个竞争机制． 　　5．D　导解：文中没有提到反对者说许多工作应该由电脑完成．第二段说如果没有外来考试就意味着平等与水平的丧失，下文说反对者说考试是邪恶的力量，据此判断D对．