Question

【题目】任务型阅读,请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应的横线上。

The emotional bond a child secures with its parents has a greater impact on its education than previously thought, a report suggests. The Sutton Trust study says children’s early attachment to parents has far-reaching consequences for their ability to speak, learn and think. Parents who are insecure themselves find it harder to provide children with security, it says. And the report calls for more help so parents can develop such crucial bonds. The study focuses on the application of the theory of attachment—a key theory in child developement and psychology. This says the degree to which children are secure and resilient as they grow up depends on their own early experiences with their mothers and fathers and how they have bonded.

The report from the Sutton Trust education charity, entitled Baby Bonds, makes the case that it has an important impact on children’s future educational chances as well as their emotional well-being. It is based on an analysis of more than 100 studies on the issue, including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries. The trust argues that although psychologists have been aware of attachment theory, it has not been seen by policy makers as a key influence on educational attainment. And it asks them to take this into account. The report says when babies and toddlers do not form these strong parental bonds—known as secure attachment—they are more likely to exhibit poor language and poor behavior before they reach school.

And it cites international studies which suggest this continues late into life, with insecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employment or training. They are also more likely to suffer from aggression, defiance and hyperactivity later in life.

The Sutton Trust says its analysis of the research suggests that about 40% of children in the UK lack a secure attachment with their parents. Lead author Sophie Moullin said that when her team looked at large scale representative studies in a number of countries they all found, from their observations, that between 38% and 42% of children suffered from poor attachment in all the different study locations. She added: “Secure attachment really helps children with emotional and social development and at school it really helps them to manage their behavior. Shouting, looking out of the window, hitting each other…These are the things that teachers will tell you that are stopping children from learning. It’s really only as we understand more about these behavior problems that we have decided that a lot of it goes back to this early bonding with parents. ”

Research director at the trust Conor Ryan said: “Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to more social mobility, as there is such a clear link to education, behavior and future employment. The educational divide emerges early in life, with a 19—month school readiness gap between the most and least advantaged children by the age of five.

This report clearly identifies the fundamental role secure attachment could have in narrowing that school readiness gap and improving children’s life chances. “More support from health visitors, children’s centers together with local authorities in helping parents improve how they bond with young children could play a role in narrowing the education gap. ”

The Sutton Trust study
Introduction	The study reveals children’s early attachment to parents 【1】_______ affects their ability to speak, learn and think.
Method of the study	Researchers【2】_______ more than 100 case studies on the issue through visiting homes, assessing children and 【3】________children.
Statistics of the study	·In the UK, only about 60% of children have a secure attachment with their parents. ·In other countries where the studies were carried out, the numbers are quite【4】________.
Negative effects of insecure 【5】_______	·A【6】________ of secure parental bonding may lead to poor language and behavior for preschool children. At the age of five, the【7】_______ school readiness gap between children can be 19 months. ·Without secure attachment, future life difficulties such as quitting school, 【8】_________ from work and other emotional issues would emerge.
The significance of parental attachment	Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to a change in people’s social 【9】________ because it narrows children’s school readiness gap and it improves children’s life chances.
Suggestion	A【10】_____ effort is needed for strong parent-child bonding.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】largely/greatly

【2】analyzed

【3】observing

【4】close

【5】attachment

【6】lack

【7】biggest

【8】hiding/escaping

【9】status

【10】combined/joint

【解析】

试题分析：本文是一篇议论文。介绍了儿童早期与父母形成的纽带关系有助于孩子智力、情感的发育，他们可以学习更快，如果缺少这种纽带作用，孩子们容易形成厌学、暴力、蔑视、极度兴奋等不良行为，报道指出很多英国家庭都缺少这种纽带作用，专家呼吁父母和孩子要多培养感情。

【1】largely/greatly 主旨大意题。由第一段第一句The emotional bond a child secures with its parents has a greater impact on its education than previously thought, a report suggests.知父母与孩子早期的情感交流对教育有着重大的影响。故填largely/greatly。

【2】analyzed 细节理解题。由第二段第二句It is based on an analysis of more than 100 studies on the issue, including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries.知这项调查分析了100个案例，包括家访和全国范围内对孩子的评估和观察。故填analyzed。

【3】observing 细节理解题。由第二段第二句It is based on an analysis of more than 100 studies on the issue, including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries.知这项调查分析了100个案例，包括家访和全国范围内对孩子的评估和观察。故填observing。

【4】close 分析比较题。由第三段第二句. Lead author Sophie Moullin said that when her team looked at large scale representative studies in a number of countries they all found, from their observations, that between 38% and 42% of children suffered from poor attachment in all the different study locations知这位科学家的团队在大规模的分析案例，发现38%——42%的孩子学习表现差。这与英国40%的学习困难同学数据很接近。故填close。

【5】attachment 细节理解题。由第四段倒数第二句Secure attachment really helps children with emotional and social development知情感交流可以真正帮助孩子情感和社交行为的发展，那么没有足够的情感交流则会带来负面影响。故填attachment。

【6】lack 细节理解题。由第五段“Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to more social mobility,知良好的纽带关系可以形成更好的社会适应性，反之，缺乏则会导致很多不适应。故填lack。

【7】biggest 细节理解题。由倒数第二段倒数第一句with a 19—month school readiness gap between the most and least advantaged children by the age of five.知在5岁时，学校的认知差距最明显。故填biggest。

【8】hiding/escaping 细节理解题。由第三段倒数第二句with insecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employment or training.知没有安全感的孩子更有可能早期辍学、逃避工作和训练。故填hiding/escaping。

【9】status 细节理解题。由倒数第一段第一句the fundamental role secure attachment could have in narrowing that school readiness gap and improving children’s life chances.知安全感可以减少学校认知差距，提高孩子未来生活质量。提升社会地位。故填status。

【10】combined/joint 归纳总结题。由最后一句话More support from health visitors, children’s centers together with local authorities in helping parents improve how they bond with young children could play a role in narrowing the education gap. 知我们需要健康中心、儿童中心、当地政府的合作，才能帮助父母与孩子建立感情联系，缩小教育差距。故填combined/joint。