Question

4．The common cold is the world's most widespread illness，which is plagues（病疫） that flesh receives．The most widespread fallacy（谬误） of all is that colds caused by cold．They are not．They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person．You catch a cold by coming into contact，directly or indirectly，with someone who already has one．If cold causes colds，it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever．But they do not．And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes．During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches（战壕），cold and wet，showed no increased tendency to catch colds．In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp（奥斯维辛集中营），naked and starving，were astonished to find that they seldom had colds．At the Common Cold Research Unit in England，volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time．After taking hot baths，they put on bathing suits，allowed themselves to be with cold water，and then stood about dripping wet in drafty（通风良好的）room．Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion．Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose．If，then，cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds，why are they more frequent in the winter？Despite the most pains-taking research，no one has yet found the answer．One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times，and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on．No one has yet found a cure for the cold．There are drugs and pain suppressors（止痛片） such as aspirin，but all they do is relieve the symptoms．
64．Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage？C
A．The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time．
B．Colds are not caused by cold．
C．People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors．
D．A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one．
65．Arctic explorers may catch colds whenD．
A．they are working in the isolated arctic regions
B．they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C．they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D．they are coming into touch again with the outside world
66．Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research UnitA   
A．suffered a lot                      
B．never caught colds
C．often caught colds                   
D．became very strong
67．The passage mainly discussesC．
A．the experiments on the common cold
B．the fallacy about the common cold
C．the reason and the way people catch colds
D．the continued spread of common colds．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇说明文．主要分析了感冒不是由于寒冷和潮湿引起的而是由于病毒的传染所引起的．文章列举了多个事例来证明这一点如：北极的科考队员、奥斯维辛集中营里的人及被置于潮湿和寒冷的环境下参与实验的志愿者们．冬天易得感冒的可能原因是冬天大多数时间人们都呆在家里，增加了病毒传染的机会．

解答 64．C．细节理解题．根据由第 2 段的"the Eskimos to suffer from them forever．But they do not"可知A项正确，故排除；由"unless a cold virus was actually dropped  his nos…ecold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds"可知C项正确，故排除；由"You catch a cold by coming into contact，directly or indirectly，with someone who already has one"可知D项正确，故排除；再由"They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person"及"During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches（战壕），cold and wet，showed no increased tendency to catch colds．In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp（奥斯维辛集中营），naked and starving，were astonished to find that they seldom had colds"可知C项错误，人们得感冒不是因为喜欢呆在家里，而是因为经常呆在一起病毒更容易感染；故选C．
65．D  细节理解题．根据"And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes"可知，北极探险者多次接触到外界的感染人群和航空邮件的包裹等才会换上感冒，故选D．
66．A  细节理解题．根据 After taking hot baths，they put on bathing suits，allowed themselves to be with cold water，and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room．Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion 可知，志愿者要遭受极大的痛苦，故选 A．
67．C   主旨大意题．阅读全文可知，本文首先用大量事例从不同的侧面分析感冒不是由寒冷引起的，最后提出冬天得感冒的可能原因．由此可知 C 为正确答案．

点评 解答细节理解题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干和选项中的关键词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案；推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点．