Question

【题目】（题文）A long time ago, soldiers fought wars on foot. Then they began to ride horses to battle. Until the invention of the stirrups (马蹬), though, men could not fight well with swords or spears while on horseback.

Without stirrups, soldiers had no place to put their feet. They could not stand up to use their swords without falling off their horses. They could throw spears only with the force of their arms.

Using stirrups, a soldier could stand up in his saddle (鞍). He could put a spear under the top part of his arm and charge with the force of his horse. He could use force when fighting with a sword. And he could win most fights against soldiers who did not use stirrups.

The first stirrups were made in India. Because the weather was warm, people did not wear shoes. The Indian stirrup was made of rope. It fit around the big toes. Later, the Chinese made a foot stirrup of wood. Because the Chinese lived in a colder country, the stirrup had to fit around shoes. Still later, around A. D. 700, soldiers in Asia used strong iron foot stirrups.

【1】（小题1）Around AD. 700, the soldiers in Asia used stirrups made of ________.

A. wood B. shoes C. rope D. iron

【2】（小题2）On the whole, this story is about ________.

A. the soldiers in warm and cold countries

B. how to throw a spear in the fights

C. an invention that changed man’s way of fighting wars

D. the history of horse riding

【3】（小题3）How did the stirrup help soldiers fight better?

A. They looked better when they were using stirrups.

B. They could now stand in their saddles to throw spears.

C. Horses were safer to ride than before.

D. They made soldiers throw spears with the force of wind.

【4】（小题4）Which of the following sentences do you think is RIGHT?

A. There were no wars 2,000 years ago.

B. Men were fighting 2,000 years ago.

C. War is something new.

D. Chinese people didn’t wear shoes in the past.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】【1】D

【2】【2】C

【3】【3】B

【4】【4】B

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了马镫的发明及演变历史。在没有马镫时，士兵们没有地方可以放脚，而且因为怕摔下来的原因无法有效使用手中的武器；有了马镫后，士兵可以站在马鞍上使用武器，士兵有了支撑的作用，这改变了人类作战的方式。

【1】【1】细节理解题。由文中最后一段的最后一句Still later, around A. D. 700, soldiers in Asia used strong iron foot stirrups.可知，在公元700年左右，亚洲的士兵使用铁脚蹬，故D选项正确。

【2】【2】主旨大意题。本文主要讲了改变人类作战方式的马镫的发明及演变历史。故C选项正确。

【3】【3】细节理解题。由文中第三段的Using stirrups, a soldier could stand up in his saddle (鞍). He could put a spear under the top part of his arm and charge with the force of his horse.可知，有了马镫，士兵可以站在马鞍上投掷长矛。B选项正确。

【4】【4】推理判断题。根据常识可知，战争自古以来就有，所以A、C选项错误，根据文中最后一段的Because the Chinese lived in a colder country, the stirrup had to fit around shoes可知，中国人在过去是穿鞋子的，因为中国比印度冷，故D选项表述错误，故B选项正确。