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    Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart, was born in Kingfish, Oklahoma on March 29, 1918. He was raised in Missouri where he worked in his father’s store while attending school. This was his first retailing (零售业) experience and he really enjoyed it. After graduation, he began his own career as a retail merchant.

    He soon opened his first Wal-Mart store in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas. Wal-Mart specialized in name brands at low prices and Sam Walton was surprised at the success. Soon a chain of Wal-Mart stores sprang up across rural America.

    Walton's management style was popular with employees and he founded some of the basic concepts (概念) of management that are still in use today.

    After taking the company public in 1970, Walton introduced his “profit sharing plan”. The profit sharing plan was a plan for Wal-Mart employees to improve their income dependent on the profits of the store. Sam Walton believed that “individuals don't win, teams do”. Employees at Wal-Mart stores were offered stock options (认股权) and store discounts. These benefits are commonplace today, but Walton was among the first to implement (实现) them. Walton believed that a happy employee meant happy customers and more sales. He also believed that by giving employees a part of the company and making their success dependent on the company’s success, they would care about the company.

    growing complaints that the “superstore” was stopping smaller and traditional stores from developing. By 1991, Wal-Mart was the largest US retailer with 1,700 stores. Walton remained active in managing the company, as president and CEO until 1988 and chairman until his death. He was awarded the Medal of Freedom shortly before his death.

    56. Sam Walton first made a hit in retailing when __________.

    A. he worked in his father’s store            

    B. he created Walton's management style

    C. he specialized in name brands at low prices

    D. a chain of Wal-Mart stores sprang up across rural America

    57. Walton’s management style emphasized __________ very much.

    A. individual efforts         B. team spirit             C. employees' loyalty     D. fair distribution

    58. What is the purpose of Walton’s carrying out “profit sharing plan”?

    A. To encourage the employees to work hard and make joint efforts.

    B. To make sure all the employees had their own shares.

    C. To select excellent employees for his stores.

    D. To make more profit for himself.

    59. Which of the statements is TRUE?

       A. In his old age, Walton gave all the management to his men.

    B. Walton wasn’t one of the merchants who first implemented stock options.

    C. The smaller and traditional stores were well affected by Walton’s stores.

    D. With Walton’s management style, employees treated the stores as their own.

    60. What does the underlined word “edge” in the last paragraph mean here?

       A. Advantage.                 B. Disadvantage.         C. Danger.                    D. System.

    CBADA

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