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    Teenagers will be told to "stand up for their elders" on public transport — or risk losing their right to free travel.
    London Mayor Boris Johnson will declare plans today to make youngsters sign a “courtesy pledge"  (文明宣言) to promise to behave in a respectful manner when travelling in the capital. The three-point pledge states that they will give up their seats to the elderly, pregnant and disabled; keep from using offensive or threatening language; and be courteous and polite to fellow passengers and staff.
    Those who refuse, or are caught behaving in a loutish manner, will have their free travel passes removed. The plan — a key part of Mr. Johnson's re-election bid— will initially affect the 400,000 ll-to-15-year-olds in London who qualify for free travel cards, but Tory sources believe the idea could be used across the country.
    A Conservative insider said: "The plan corresponds perfectly with the push to create a Big Society. It is about changing culture and expectations around behavior to improve the atmosphere on buses and trains for everyone."
    Speaking before today's launch, Mr. Johnson said he was determined to deal with the anti-social behavior of a "minority of youngsters" on public transport. "When I was a boy, I was taught to stand up for those less able to, "he said. "Youngsters enjoy the privilege of free travel, which is paid for by Londoners, but they have to understand that with that privilege comes responsibility. Anyone who abuses this privilege will have it taken away, and will have to earn that right bach ."
    Teenagers found guilty of a serious violation of the new behavior rules will lose their travel passes, and will have to carry out unpaid community work to earn them back.
    Mr. Johnson is also introducing a "two strikes and you're out" policy to deal with repeat offenders, under which those committing a second serious violation of the rules will lose their travel rights permanently.
    小题1:Which of the following is NOT the content of the "courtesy pledge"?
    A．Teenagers should give up their seats to the old.
    B．Teenagers shouldn't talk with strangers in public.
    C．Teenagers mustn't use aggressive language in public.
    D．Teenagers must be polite to people on public transport.
    小题2:What does the underlined word "loutish" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
    A．rudeB．stupidC．politeD．calm
    小题3:According to Mr Johnson,____________.
    A．youngsters should know duty comes with benefit
    B．youngsters shouldn't use the privilege of free travel
    C．anyone shouldn't make money with the privilege
    D．youngsters should do some unpaid community work
    小题4:The worst punishment teenagers can face is____________.
    A．to sign an agreementB．to work in the community
    C．to be finedD．to lose their travel passes forever
    小题5:Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
    A．London Mayor Boris Johnson is a great person
    B．The plan corresponds perfectly with the Big Society
    C．Be polite and stand up for your elders or lose free travel
    D．The "courtesy pledge” has been used across the country

    小题1:B
    小题2:A
    小题3:A
    小题4:D
    小题5:C
    文章讲述的是伦敦宣布让年轻人签署文明宣言，在公共场合行为礼貌，如果没有按要求行为，将会受到处罚。
    小题1:事实细节题，根据文章第二段可知。
    小题2:猜测词义题。根据will have their free travel passes removed可知，这些学生都是不按要求的，即没有礼貌地给老人让座，即rude
    小题3:推理判断题，根据第五段Youngsters enjoy the privilege of free travel, which is paid for by Londoners, but they have to understand that with that privilege comes responsibility可知，责任和好处并存。
    小题4:根据最后一段 under which those committing a second serious violation of the rules will lose their travel rights permanently可知，他们可能会永久失去他们的旅行权利
    小题5:根据文章主旨第一段可知。
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Some people argue that the pressures on international sportsmen and sportswomen kill the essence(本质) of sport-seeking for personal excellence. Children kick a football around for fun. When they get older and play for local school teams, they become competitive but they still enjoy playing. A single person’s representing his country cannot afford to think about enjoying himself; he has to think only about winning. He is responsible for an entire nation’s hopes, dreams and fame.
    A good example is the football World Cup. Football is the world’s most important sport. It is even more important now that the United States is seriously taking it up. Winning the World Cup is perhaps the greatest of international sporting success. Mention “Argentina” to someone and the chances are that he’ll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup “put Argentina on the map”.
    Sports fans and supporters get quite irrational(失去理性的) about the World Cup. People in England felt that their country was somehow important after they won in 1996. Last year thousands of Scots sold their cars, and even their houses and spent all their money traveling to Argentina where the finals were played.
    So am I arguing that international competition kills the idea of sports? Certainly not! Do the Argentineans really believe that because eleven of their men proved that most skillful at football, their nation is in every way better than all others? Not really. But it’s known that you won, and that in one way at least your country is best.
    小题1:What is the writer’s main purpose in the passage?
    A．To explain the role of sport
    B．To compare Scotland with Argentina
    C．To show that Argentina is better than all others.
    D．To prove that football is the world’s most important sport.
    小题2:According to the passage, Argentina is world famous because of its ____.
    A． clear position on the map
    B． successes in the football World Cup
    C． excellence at all important sports
    D．large number of sports fans and supporters
    小题3:According to the passage, if a sportsman thinks about winning, he will ____.
    A．be irrationalB．be successful
    C．fail to succeedD．lose enjoyment
    小题4:What is the writer’s attitude towards international games?
    A．Nations that meet on football are unlikely to meet on a battle field.
    B．Nations that win in international games prove best on the sports field at least.
    C．Nations that win the football World Cup are considered as best in all ways.
    D．Nations that give much attention to international competitions are world-famous in many ways.
    小题5: From this passage, we can infer that ____.
    A．We should learn from England
    B．We should play football only for fun, not for fame
    C．We should learn from Argentina
    D．We should give chances for other countries to win the World Cup

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    Decision-making under Stress
    A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.
    The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
    “Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”
    For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.
    This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also less easily recalled.
    The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.
    Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
    This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
    小题1:We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.
    A．keep rewards better in their memory
    B．recall consequences more effortlessly
    C．make risky decisions more frequently
    D．learn a subject more effectively
    小题2:According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.
    A．ways of making choicesB．preference for pleasure
    C．tolerance of punishmentsD．responses to suggestions
    小题3:The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.
    A．women find it easier to fall into certain habits
    B．men have a greater tendency to slow down
    C．women focus more on outcomes
    D．men are more likely to take risks

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：完形填空


    The party began shortly after Mr. Wood, who lived in the flat below, signed (叹息) to himself as he heard excited voices and the noisy music. Luckily he had ___1___ some work home from the office, ___2___ he kept himself busy for a couple of hours, thus managing to pay no attention to the noise___3___ . But by eleven o’clock he felt ___4___ and was ready to go to bed, though from his earlier experience he knew it was ___5___ trying to get to sleep. He undressed and lay for a while on the bed, trying to read, but he___6___ himself reading the same page over and over again. He then turned off the light and ___7___ his head in the pillow(枕头). But ___8___ he could not shut off the ___9___ ，finally after ___10____ seemed hours his___11___ was gone.
    He jumped out of bed, __12__ some clothing, marched ___13___ up the stairs and walked into his neighbor’s flat. The owner of the flat, who ___14___ him in his dressing gown(睡衣) came ___15___ the room and__16___ Mr. Wood could say anything, cried “My dear fellow, come and ___17___. I know our parties ____18___ you. I meant to send you ___19___.” Mr. Wood’s anger disappeared then and there. He said “I’d better go and get __20_.” Minutes later, he returned properly dressed, only to find that the party was nearly over.
    小题1:
    A．taken B．carried C．brought D．fetched
    小题2:
    A．with whichB．from which C．where D．when
    小题3:
    A．outsideB．overhead C．downstairs D．nearby
    小题4:
    A．bad B．tired C．sick D．hopeless
    小题5:
    A．useless B．necessary C．possible D．helpful
    小题6:
    A．hadB．foundC．caughtD．felt
    小题7:
    A．buried B．rested C．shook D．turned
    小题8:
    A．till then B．worse stillC．strange enoughD．even so
    小题9:
    A．sound B．noiseC．voiceD．tone
    小题10:
    A．itB．whatC．thatD．which
    小题11:
    A．sleep B．strengthC．patience D．anger
    小题12:
    A．put on B．dressed upC．selected D．wore
    小题13:
    A．sadlyB．proudlyC．quietlyD．firmly
    小题14:
    A．made fun of B．stared at C．was angry withD．caught sight of
    小题15:
    A．acrossB．aroundC．towardsD．by
    小题16:
    A．as B．before C．though D．until
    小题17:
    A．meet as B．sit here C．join us D．scold me
    小题18:
    A．shall troubleB．would troubleC．need botherD．should bother
    小题19:
    A．a notice B．a message C．an invitation D．an apology
    小题20:
    A．washed B．changed C．dressed D．prepared

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    Why do some people flush when they drink alcohol? This effect is a common reaction to alcohol among East Asians. It affects about 36 percent of Japanese, Chinese and Koreans.
    For many, even a small amount of alcohol can cause unpleasant effects. Most commonly, their face, neck and sometimes their whole body turn red. People might also feel uncomfortable and sick to their stomach. They might experience a burning sensation, increased heart rate, shortness of breath and headaches.
    The cause is a genetic difference that they are born with called an ALDH2 deficiency (缺乏). It prevents their bodies from treating alcohol the way other people do. But the effects might be more serious than just a red face. Researchers warn of a link between this condition and an increased risk of cancer of the esophagus (食道) from drinking alcohol.
    The more alcohol people with this deficiency drink, the greater their risk is. In Japan and South Korea, for example, many people have the deficiency but still drink heavily. Researchers found that these drinkers develop a form of esophageal cancer six to ten times more often than those without the deficiency.
    Esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers. It can be treated when found early, but once it grows the chances of survival drop sharply. The researchers estimate that at least five hundred forty million people have the deficiency, about eight percent of the world’s population.
    Philip Brooks is a researcher at the National Institute in the United States. He says it is important to educate people about the link between the alcohol flushing effect and esophageal cancer. He says doctors should ask East Asian patients about their experiences with facial flushing after drinking alcohol. Those with a history of it should be advised to limit their alcohol use. They should also be warned that cigarette smoking works with the alcohol in a way that further increases the risk of esophageal cancer.
    小题1:The underlined word “flush” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_________”.
    A．walk unsteadilyB．appear unpleasant
    C．turn red in the faceD．talk more than usual
    小题2:The second paragraph is mainly about _________.
    A．the cause of the effects of alcoholB．unpleasant effects caused by alcohol
    C．the advantages of drinking alcoholD．Asians and alcohol
    小题3:We can infer from the passage that _________.
    A．the ALDH2 deficiency may be passed on from generation to generation
    B．about 36 percent of Japanese, Chinese and Koreans are heavy drinkers
    C．unpleasant effects occur only when people with this deficiency drink a lot
    D．only some East Asians have the ALDH2 deficiency
    小题4:Esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers because _________.
    A．it can’t be treated at all
    B．it is hard to be discovered early
    C．people are usually addicted to alcohol
    D．it is hard to cure once it has developed

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    After squeezing into a small space with two other friends, I had a strong sense of pride to be the mission commander of this space flight. Our objective was very important. Scientists had been arguing about the possibility of existence of life on Mars for decades. Some of them said that the pictures of Mars, taken during various space explorations, had given them sufficient proof that only intelligent being could have made those amazing structures. Others maintained that what looked like a face in the pictures was nothing more than a flash of lights. The arguments continued without conclusion. To prove this once and for all, a decision was made to launch an expedition into space.
    My crew and I were the best among our group of trainees. We practised hard together, training hand in hand, filled with a single aim—flying safely to Mars and back. This feeling was tense and everyone was highly excited, as the day drew nearer. We were anxious to see what Mars was like but the uncertainty held us with fear.
    The last moment finally came. The countdown proceeded, and soon we were deep in space, floating about freely and went about preparing the spaceship for the intended landing. Since the trip was scheduled to take about three years, we slept in a special room to prevent ourselves from aging. So I drifted off to sleep peacefully and suddenly I felt someone woke me up. We must have arrived at Mars and my crew was trying to wake me up.
    I opened my eyes slowly and saw a familiar face. “Why would my English teacher wake me up?” I thought. Oh, no. Instead of medals and praise that I should receive, all I had was a severe warning against sleeping in class and then I spent the rest of the lesson standing in a corner.
    小题1:Why did the author feel proud of himself?       (No more than 10 words)  (2 marks)
                                                                          
    小题2:What was the objective of the mission?         (No more than 11 words)  (2 marks)
                                                                          
    小题3: How did they feel as the day to explore space drew near?
    (No more than 8 words)  (3 marks)
                                                                           
    小题4:What did the author finally receive after he was woken up?
    (No more than 8 words)  (3 marks)
                                                                     ______

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    Good manners play an important part in maintaining（保持）peace in society. A man with good manners doesn’t hurt others’ feelings, and therefore he’s on good terms with everyone. In this way he helps to keep the peace in society.
    But a man with bad manners has no respect for others. He uses words carelessly and behaves rudely towards others and causes a lot of unpleasantness. In the end, he himself will suffer the most. Everyone avoids him and he is forced to live alone.
    To live well in society, money alone is not enough. Even the richest man cannot afford to have bad manners. He may have enough money to buy all things he wants; but if his manners are bad, he will have no friends, and no one can live happily without friends.
    We should have good manners, for it’s human nature to try to get friendship; and friendship has to be earned （获得）through our own attitude towards others. If we are kind to others, they will be kind to us, and kindness is the most basic quality of good manners. Bad manners drive away friends as well as our own family members.
    On the other hand, a man with good manners has many friends. He commands the respect of all those who come into contact（联系）with him. He doesn’t talk ill about others. Even when he’s provoked, he tries his best not to upset others. He also feels sorry about the weak and the disabled.
    There are, however, many people who behave so well outside their homes that they are respected by everyone outside. But in their own homes they are worse than the devil（魔鬼）. Such people cannot be said to have good manners. Their behavior will soon be discovered by others.
    If one’s manners are good, one behaves well everywhere, even when one is away from the critical（爱挑剔的）eyes of others. Only such a person can live well in society.
    小题1:People with good manners bring society _____.
    A．peaceB．enjoymentC．respectD．friendship
    小题2:What does the author mainly want to tell us in Paragraph 4 ?
    A．People are born friendly.
    B．Bad manners make people lose friends.
    C．Money is not the most important.
    D．Kind people will be treated kindly.
    小题3:The underlined word “provoked” in the passage may mean _____.
    A．tiredB．sad `C．made angryD．left alone
    小题4:What’s the main idea of the passage ?
    A．Kindness is important.
    B．Friendship is important.
    C．Good manners are important.
    D．People with bad manners can’t live well.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：完形填空


    I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didn’t like attention drawn to myself. And  1    assigned（指定）a seat by the teacher, I always   2  to sit at the back of the classroom.
    All this    3   after I joined a sports team. It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team. At first I thought it was a crazy   4   because I didn’t have a good sense of balance, nor did I have the   5  to keep pace with the others on the team and they would laugh at me. Without the teacher who kept insisting on my “   6   for  it”, I wouldn’t have decided to give a try.
    Getting up the courage to go to the tryouts was only the   7  of it! When I first started  8   the practice sessions (练习赛), I didn’t   9  know the rules of the game, not to mention what I was doing. Sometimes I’d get    10   and take a shot at the wrong direction—which made me feel really stupid.   11  , I wasn’t the only one “new” at the game, so I decided to   12    on learning the game, do my best at each practice session, and not be too hard on myself for the things I didn’t   13  “just yet”.
    I practiced and practiced. Soon I knew the  14  and the “moves”. Being part of a team was fun and motivating. Very soon the competitive  15  in me was winning over my lack of confidence. With time, I learned how to play and made friends in the process (过程) — friends who respected my  16   to work hard and be a team player. I never had so much fun!   
    With my    17    self-confidence comes more praise (赞扬) from teachers and classmates. I have gone from “   18”in the back of the classroom and not wanting to call attention to myself,    19    raising my hand—even when I sometimes wasn’t and not 100 percent    20   I had the right answer. Now I have more self-confidence in myself.
    小题1:
    A．asB．untilC．unlessD．once
    小题2:
    A．hopedB．agreedC．meantD．chose
    小题3:
    A．continuedB．changedC．settledD．started
    小题4:
    A．ideaB．planC．beliefD．saying
    小题5:
    A．rightB．chanceC．abilityD．patience
    小题6:
    A．goingB．lookingC．cheeringD．applying
    小题7:
    A．pointB．halfC．restD．basis
    小题8:
    A．enjoyingB．preparingC．attendingD．watching
    小题9:
    A．evenB．stillC．yetD．ever
    小题10:
    A．terrifiedB．exhaustedC．pleasedD．puzzled
    小题11:
    A．InterestinglyB．FortunatelyC．ObviouslyD．Hopefully
    小题12:
    A．focusB．spyC．relyD．try
    小题13:
    A．want B．doC．supportD．know
    小题14:
    A．stepsB．ordersC．rulesD．games
    小题15:
    A．rolesB．partC．mindD．value
    小题16:
    A．efforts B．curiosity C．wish D．strength
    小题17:
    A．expressedB．improvedC．confirmed D．recognized
    小题18:
    A．dreamingB．playingC．relaxingD．hiding
    小题19:
    A．byB．forC．withD．to
    小题20:
    A．luckyB．happyC．sureD．satisfied

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present. On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office, a street urchin （顽童） was walking around the shining car. “Is this your car, Paul?” he asked.
    Paul answered, “Yes, my brother gave it to me for Christmas.” The boy was surprised. “You mean your brother gave it to you and it cost you nothing? Boy, I wish…” He hesitated.
    Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for. He wished he had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly.
    “I wish,” the boy went on, “that I could be a brother like that.” Paul looked at the boy in surprise, and then he said again, “Would you like to take a ride in my car?”
    “Oh yes, I’d love that.”
    After a short ride, the boy turned and with his eyes shining, said, “Paul, would you mind driving in front of my house?”
    Paul smiled a little. He thought he knew what the boy wanted. He wanted to show his neighbors that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again．“Will you stop where those two steps are?” the boy asked.
    He ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled （残疾） brother. He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car.
    “There she is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn’t cost him a cent. And some day I’m going to give you one just like it… Then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas window that I’ve been trying to tell you about.”
    Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed older brother climbed in and the three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride.
    小题1:The street urchin was very surprised when __________.
    A．he saw the shining car B．Paul told him about the car
    C．he was walking around the car D．Paul received an expensive car
    小题2:From the story we know that the urchin __________.
    A．wished to give his brother a car
    B．wished Paul’s brother to give him a car
    C．wished Paul could be a brother like that　　
    D．wished he could have a brother like Paul’s
    小题3:The urchin asked Paul to stop his car in front of his house ______.
    A．to show he had a rich friend B．to show his neighbors the car
    C．to let his brother ride in the car D．to tell his brother about his wish
    小题4:We can infer from the story that __________.
    A．Paul couldn’t understand the urchin 　　　
    B．the urchin’s wish came true in the end
    C．the urchin wished to have a rich brother 　
    D．the urchin had a deep love for his brother

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