Question

【题目】 We tend to think of our dreams as being uniquely personal—nighttime stories built from our own experiences that help us process our day-to-day lives. While dreams can give us a look into our personal selves, scientists have collected data that suggests dreams make their way into our cultural fabric（结构）, showing themselves in ways that shape beliefs and expose collective anxieties.

Roger Ivar Lohmann of Trent University conducted research with the Asabano people of the rainforest of Papua New Guinea, a unique group who didn’ t have outside contact until 1963. His studies looked at how dreams shape their beliefs and actions.

According to Lohmann’ s research, dreams act as a sort of motivator or determinant of Asabano behavior. For instance, a dream may affect the way a person hunts or goes about treating medical conditions. The way dreams determine behavior is due to what Lohmann calls the “night residue” effect. This means that specific memories of dreams can affect the way a person acts when awake and inform their belief system.

Dreams also seem to have an effect on the way many define themselves within their own cultures, and how sometimes reaching a distinct definition can cause anxiety.

Matt Newsom of Washington State University spoke with college students in Berlin, and found many students had dreams surrounding conflicting views about their own identities（身份） in relation to what they saw as a return of German nationalism, which is a sensitive subject especially when we think of German identity as it’ s defined even many years after World War Ⅱ.

Many students had dreams that centered around anxieties like “Where do I belong?” Many students never talked with one another about identity struggles in their dreams, yet many reported having such dreams. Newsom noted that dreams can be helpful “for identifying （识别） unspoken social and historical anxieties present in a given society.”

All of this research suggests that dreams can do more than help explain the thought of a person; we can learn about entire cultures and collective attitudes as well.

【1】What is the purpose of Lohmann’ s research?

A. To prove dreams can show personal selves.

B. To explore Asabano people’ s inside anxiety.

C. To find out the effect of dreams on beliefs and actions.

D. To learn about Asabano people’ s culture and tradition.

【2】What troubles German college students?

A. Confusion about their identities.

B. Terrible dreams about World War Ⅱ.

C. Anxieties of talking about their dreams.

D. Conflicting views about German nationalism.

【3】Which of the following is Newsom’s view about dreams?

A. They can predict a person’s future.B. They can expose people’ s anxieties.

C. They can inspire people’s creativity.D. They are the products of human society.

【4】What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Dreams promote cultural progress.

B. Dreams can go into cultural fabric.

C. Dreams reflect people’s cultural background.

D. People’ s daily dreams are based on culture.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】B

【4】B

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了研究发现，梦不仅能够反映人们日常生活中的所思所见，而且还能够进入我们的文化，影响人们的行为、暴露社会群体的焦虑。

【1】细节理解题。根据第二段末句可知，Lohmann研究的目的是了解梦是如何影响人们的信念和行为的，故选C。

【2】细节理解题。根据第五、六段内容可知，德国大学生的内心存在一种对自己身份认知的困惑和焦虑，故选A。

【3】推理判断题。根据第六段末句可知，Newsom认为梦在识别社会群体焦虑方面是有帮助的，换句话说，梦能够暴露人们的内心焦虑，故选B。

【4】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了研究人员发现梦可以进人我们的文化结构，能够影响人们的行为并展示社会集体的焦虑，故选B。