Question

【题目】The human body is designed to move. But modern lifestyles and office jobs rarely give us the chance to move around. As we know, we’re sitting while we’re eating; we sit in the car and we sit while we watch TV. And many of us sit for many hours at work.

New research shows that sitting less than three hours a day might extend your life by two years. Peter Katzmarzyk, a scientist at the University of Louisiana in the southern United States, says that sitting is ubiquitous in our lives, meaning it is something we do all the time, everywhere.

However, Mr. Katzmarzyk says that does not mean you can sit for the rest of your waking hours. He also says you may exercise often, “We can’t throw away physical activity. It’s extremely important. We have 60 years of research showing us that.”

Mr. Katzmarzyk and his colleagues are part of a new generation of researchers studying how sitting all day affects length of life. “Studies that have assessed the relationship between sitting and mortality (死亡率) or television viewing and mortality are very rare. There’s only been a few of them, actually five or six now, in the last four or five years.” They found that cutting television time to less than two hours a day could add one point four years to life.

Luckily, change is already coming to some offices, especially in the design of desks. A “standing desk” lets people stand while they work. Another new design is called the “treadmill desk.” A treadmill is an exercise machine that lets you walk in one place. Even some U.S. schools are beginning to experiment with desks that are part bicycle to keep children moving. That’s one of the strategies that many companies are using now.

Mr. Katzmarzyk also says studying this problem has inspired his team to make a few changes in their own lives.

【1】The underlined word “ubiquitous” is closest in meaning to ________．

A. dangerous B. impressive

C. comfortable D. common

【2】Which view agrees with the opinion of Mr. Katzmarzyk?

A. Sitting long may help people live longer.

B. Exercise is important and don’t sit too long.

C. People are unaware of the harm of sitting too long.

D. Stopping watching TV is a necessary but hard task.

【3】What does Mr. Katzmarzyk think of his study in Paragraph 4?

A. It’s been ignored by many scientists. B. It’s a study that begins too late.

C. It’s an entirely new area of study. D. It’s been a hot subject for scientists.

【4】Why are the desks of all kinds designed for those who sit more?

A. To give them more comfort. B. To improve their work efficiency.

C. To offer them the chance to exercise. D. To seek pleasure while working.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】 D

【2】 B

【3】 A

【4】 C

【解析】

本文是一篇论说文。文章讲述了现在的人们坐着的时间普遍较长，Mr. Katzmarzyk和他的团队的研究表明坐一整天对人们生活的影响，人们因此也在探索在工作学习中改变久坐的方式。

【1】词义猜测题。根据文中“… meaning it is something we do all the time, everywhere.”可知我们几乎每时每刻都在坐着，因此该词的意思是“通常 ”，所以选D。

【2】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He also says you may exercise often, “We can’t throw away physical activity. It’s extremely important.”，可知选项B的内容：锻炼是重要的，不要久坐，与之相符。故选B。

【3】推理判断题。根据第四段中“There’s only been a few of them, actually five or six now, in the last four or five years.”，可知关于这一方面的研究还不多，只是近四五年来才开始研究，它被许多科学家忽视了，选A。

【4】细节理解题。根据第五段 “A ‘standing desk’ lets people stand while they work. Another new design is called the ‘treadmill desk.’ A treadmill is an exercise machine that lets you walk in one place.”可知是专门为了那些一天到晚都坐着工作的人而设计的，是为他们提供锻炼的机会，选C。

细节理解题的解题思路：

细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节，如本题的小题2和4。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。例如小题4，Why are the desks of all kinds designed for those who sit more?我们在原文中第五段第一句发现了本题题干中的定位词 “the design of desks”，再根据其后的 “… lets people stand while they work. … is an exercise machine that lets you walk in one place.”可知是专门为了那些一天到晚都坐着工作的人而设计的，为他们提供锻炼的机会，故可以选出C项。

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