8.Six years ago,a Miami woman walking through the hall of an office building casually noticed two men standing together.Several minutes after her leaving,the men murdered a person working in the building.Police investigators determined that the woman was the only witness who had seen the two suspects,and could possibly describe them.In an interview with police,her memory of the men proved disappointingly unclear.
Several days later,psychologist Ronald P.Fisher was brought in to get a more complete description from the woman.Fisher's interview produced a breakthrough (突破)-the woman reported a clear picture of one of the suspects.She then recalled several details about his appearances.This information gave police important leads that enabled them to arrest the suspects and close the case.
Police investigators found the help from Fisher because of his rich knowledge in conducting the so-called cognitive (认知的) interview,a kind of memory-rebuilding process.In its original form,the cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques:thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events,reporting everything that comes to mind about those events no matter how broken or unconnected,retelling events in kinds of time orders,beginning to end,end to beginning,forward or backward,and accepting different views while recalling events.
Usually,an interviewer begins the cognitive approach by encouraging the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions.The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words,with no interviewer interruptions.The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques,such as having the witness tell the details of what happened from different aspects.
Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they get nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training,while error rates remain about the same.
62.What is the purpose of this passage?D
A.To give an description of a murder case in an office.
B.To explain why Fisher was invited to a police interview.
C.To describe how cognitive method helps the woman to recall.
D.To give the readers an idea of cognitive interview.
63.The cognitive interview helped the woman to recall more byC.
A.strengthening her memory
B.giving her encouragement
C.rebuilding her memory
D.giving her more time
64.It can be inferred from the passage that in a cognitive interview,the interviewer mainly plays aA role.
A.directing
B.questioning
C.disappointing
D.interrupting
65.What is the key point of the cognitive interview?B
A.The interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time.
B.The witness is encouraged to take an active role in recalling information.
C.The interview should take place outside the police station.
D.The witness should recall details at the scene of the event.
分析 本文是一篇科教类阅读,属于说明文,六年前,一名迈阿密女子走在办公大楼的大厅,随便注意到两名男子站在一起,离开后几分钟,这些男子谋杀了一名在大楼工作的人员.警方调查人员确定,该名女子是唯一一名曾有看到这两名嫌疑犯,可能会形容他们.在接受警方采访时,她对男人的记忆令人失望.本文以此展开,主要给读者讲述了一个认知方式的方法.
解答 62.D.主旨大意题.阅读全文,根据文章内容可知,六年前,一名迈阿密女子走在办公大楼的大厅,随便注意到两名男子站在一起,离开后几分钟,这些男子谋杀了一名在大楼工作的人员.警方调查人员确定,该名女子是唯一一名曾有看到这两名嫌疑犯,可能会形容他们.在接受警方采访时,她对男人的记忆令人失望.本文以此展开,主要给读者讲述了一个认知面试的方法.故选D.
63.C.细节理解题.根据Police investigators found the help from Fisher because of his rich knowledge in conducting the so-called cognitive (认知的) interview,a kind of memory-rebuilding process.可知,认知面试通过记忆重建帮助女人更多地回忆起来.故选C.
64.A.推理判断题.根据Usually,an interviewer begins the cognitive approach by encouraging the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions.The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words,with no interviewer interruptions.The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques,such as having the witness tell the details of what happened from different aspects.可以推测出,面试者起着指导性的作用.故选A.
65.B.细节理解题.根据Usually,an interviewer begins the cognitive approach by encouraging the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions.可知,证人被鼓励在重建信息方面发挥积极作用.
点评 本文是一篇科教类阅读,题目涉及多道细节理解题,推理判断题.做题时学生应仔细阅读原文,把握文章主要内容,联系文章上下文内容并结合所给选项含义,从中选出正确答案,一定要做到有理有据,切忌胡乱猜测