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1.Simon Sinek is naturally shy and doesn't like speaking to crowds.At parties,he says he hides alone in the corner or doesn't even show up in the first place.He prefers the latter.Yet,with some 22million video views under his belt,the optimistic ethnographer also happens to be the third most-watched TED Talks presenter of all time.
Sinek's unlikely success as both an inspirational speaker and a bestselling author isn't just dumb luck.It's the result of fears faced and erased,trial and error and tireless practice,on and off stage.Here are his secrets for delivering speeches that inspire,inform and entertain.
Don't talk right away.
Sinek says you should never talk as you walk out on stage."A lot of people start talking right away,and it's out of nerves,"Sinek says."That communicates a little bit of insecurity and fear."
Instead,quietly walk out on stage.Then take a deep breath,find your place,wait a few seconds and begin."I know it sounds long and tedious and it feels excruciatingly awkward when you do it,"Sinek says,"but it shows the audience you're totally confident and in charge of the situation."
Show up to give,not to take.
Often people give presentations to sell products or ideas,to get people to follow them on social media,buy their books or even just to like them.Sinek calls these kinds of speakers"takers,"and he says audiences can see through these people right away.And,when they do,they disengage.
"We are highly social animals,"says Sinek."Even at a distance on stage,we can tell if you're a giver or a taker,and people are more likely to trust a giver-a speaker that gives them value,that teaches them something new,that inspires them-than a taker."
Speak unusually slowly.
When you get nervous,it's not just your heart beat that quickens.Your words also tend to speed up.Luckily Sinek says audiences are more patient and forgiving than we know.
"They want you to succeed up there,but the more you rush,the more you turn them off,"he says."If you just go quiet for a moment and take a long,deep breath,they'll wait for you.It's kind of amazing."
Turn nervousness into excitement.
Sinek learned this trick from watching the Olympics.A few years ago he noticed that reporters interviewing Olympic athletes before and after competing were all asking the same question."Were you nervous?"And all of the athletes gave the same answer:"No,I was excited."These competitors were taking the body's signs of nervousness-clammy hands,pounding heart and tense nerves-and reinterpreting them as side effects of excitement and exhilaration.
When you're up on stage you will likely go through the same thing.That's when Sinek says you should say to yourself out loud,"I'm not nervous,I'm excited!"
Say thank you when you're done.
Applause is a gift,and when you receive a gift,it's only right to express how grateful you are for it.This is why Sinek always closes out his presentations with these two simple yet powerful words:thank you.
"They gave you their time,and they're giving you their applause."Says Sinek."That's a gift,and you have to be grateful."
Passage outlineSupporting details
(71)Introduction
 to Simon Sinek
●He is by (72)nature
 shy and dislikes making speeches in public.
●Through his (73)constant/tireless/continuous
 effort,he enjoys great success in giving speeches.
Tips  on  delivering speeches
 
●Avoid talking (74)immediately/instantly
 for it indicates you're nervous.
●Keep calm and wait a few seconds before talking,which will create an (75)impression
 that you are confident.
●Try to be a giver rather than a taker because in (76)comparison/contrast
 with a taker,a giver can get more popular and accepted.
●Teach audience something new that they can (77)benefit/learn
 from.
●Speak a bit slowly just to help you stay calm.
●Never speed up while speaking in case you (78)bore/disgust the audience.
●Switch nervousness to excitement by (79)following/copying
 the example of Olympic athletes.
●Express your (80)gratitude/thanks/appreciation
 to the audience for their time and applause to conclude your speech.

分析 本文是一篇说明文,文章开始谈及西蒙•斯涅克天生腼腆,连派对都不敢参加,但经过不知疲倦的练习,他最终成为史上最受欢迎的TED演讲者之一.如果你认真领会并践行他提供的建议,你或许也可以成为一位魅力四射的演讲达人.建议如下:1.不要一开场就滔滔不绝;2.只为给予,不求索取;3.放慢讲话速度.4;化紧张为兴奋;5.结束时说声谢谢.

解答 71.Introduction      根据文章第一段为西蒙•斯涅克个人简单介绍."Introduction介绍,引言;名词,可置于"to"前",故填Introduction.
72. nature             根据第一段第一句"Simon Sinek is naturally shy"西蒙•斯涅克天生腼腆.此空为固定搭配"by nature"译为"天生的".故填nature.
73.constant/tireless/continuous      根据第二段最后一句"It's the result of fears faced and erased,trial and error and tireless practice,on and off stage"可知,他的成功源自他在台上台下无数次面对恐惧又战胜恐惧,反复试错,不知疲倦的练习.故填constant/tireless/continuous.
74.immediately/instantly        根据第一点建议"Don't talk right away"不要一开场立即就滔滔不绝地讲.即"Avoid talking(此空应为副词形式)",故填immediately/instantly.
75.impression       根据第三段中的"but it shows the audience you're totally confident and in charge of the situation."可知,要给观众一个印象--你很自信,一切都在你的掌控之中,要创造一个自信的印象"create an impression that you are confident",故填impression.
76.comparison/contrast     根据第五段中"and people are more likely to trust a giver-a speaker that gives them value,that teaches them something new,that inspires them-than a taker."可知,人们还是能够判断出你是给予型还是索取型,相比索取型,人们更愿意信任一名给予型演讲者--他们能给听众带来价值、能教会听众新东西、能启发听众,这是在比较giver和taker,故填comparison/contrast.
77.benefit/learn     根据第五段中"and people are more likely to trust a giver-a speaker that gives them value,that teaches them something new,that inspires them-than a taker."可知,"teaches them something new",观众从中受益或受教.考虑到后接"form",故填benefit/learn.
78.bore/disgust       根据第七段中的"They want you to succeed up there,but the more you rush,the more you turnthem off"可知,他们希望你的演讲成功,但你说话的速度越快,就会越让人失望,让观众厌恶,故填bore/disgust.
79.following/copying     根据第八段中"Sinek learned this trick from watching the Olympics"可知,斯涅克在看奥运会比赛的时候学会了这一点.故填following/copying.
80.ratitude/thanks/appreciation    根据最后一个建议"Say thank you when you're done"可知,掌声是听众给你的礼物,而在收到礼物时,你应该表达自己的感激之情.故填gratitude/thanks/appreciation.

点评 本题考查任务型阅读题型.解答此类题型的步骤:预测与确立文章主题,了解图表纵横框架结构,预测文章文脉内容.略读:快速浏览全文,结合图表理清文章基本结构与文脉.扫读:获取文章主要信息.细读:分析整合信息、准确表达.复查:通观全篇,复读检查.同时注意语法:字母大小写、名词的数和格、词性等方面.

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