Question

【题目】 Male frogs use territorial calls to warn off frogs that are entering their territory. 【1】. So they do not waste energy by making territorial calls when they detect those frogs near their territory. However, if an unknown frog approaches the land they claim as their own, males will aggressively let out a territorial call.【2】.

Warning calls are employed to warn other frogs of some nearby danger and are commonly heard when an attacker comes near.【3】. If an attacker attacks a frog, the frog will make a call almost like a scream, which is intended to scare the attacker. This scream is almost always made when the attacker succeeds in grasping the frog because, should it be greatly surprised, the attacker may release the frog, which might permit the animal to make its escape.

【4】, which is employed when another frog is caught hold of by mistake. This regularly happens during the mating season, when male frogs eager for a mate wrongly grasp another male. In other cases, females that have already mated may make this call when different male frogs catch them.【5】.Whenever a male catches a female of another species, the female gives the release call to inform the male that he has made a mistake and should let go.

A.Frog calls further differ between species

B.The final major call made by frogs is the release call

C.To the human ear, frog mating calls may all sound similar

D.Frogs make short, sharp, loud sounds while they hurry away

E.Males can recognize the calls their neighbors make from afar

F.If the strange frog does not leave immediately, it may be attacked

G.There are some special occasions when frogs belonging to different species mix with one another

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】E

【2】F

【3】D

【4】B

【5】G

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青蛙在不同场景下会发出不同的叫声。

【1】空格位于段中。空格上一句句意为：雌性青蛙用领域叫声来警告进入它们领域的青蛙。空格下一句句意为：因此，当它们发现那些青蛙进入领地的时候，它们不会浪费精力来发出领域叫声。由下句中的those frogs可知，空格处句子中应含有与those frogs对应的词汇。选项E（雌性青蛙能辨别出离它们不远处的青蛙的叫声）中的their neighbors可与those frogs完美呼应，上下句形成因果关系。故选E。

【2】空格位于段尾。空格前一句句意为：然而，如果是不认识的请勿接近它们自认为是它们的领地，雌性青蛙就会攻击性地发出领域叫声。选项F（如果陌生的青蛙不马上离开，它就会收到攻击）中的the strange frog与上句中的an unknown frog形成呼应关系，故选F。

【3】空格位于段中。空格前一句句意为：当袭击者靠近时，青蛙常常会发出警告性的叫声，警告其它青蛙附近有危险。选项D（当它们仓皇逃离时会发出短的、尖的并很大的声音）中的when they hurry away与上句中的when an attacker comes near呼应，故选D。

【4】空格位于段首。由前两段分别介绍territorial calls与warning calls可知，这段有可能介绍另一种叫声。选项B（青蛙最后一种重要的叫声是释放叫声。）符合这种段落结构。并且由本段最后一句中的the release call也可知，这一段讲释放叫声。故选B。

【5】空格位于段中。空格后一句句意为：当一只雄性青蛙抓到另一个物种的雌性青蛙时，雌性青蛙会发出释放叫声通知雄性青蛙，这是个错误，应该放手。选项G（在一些特殊的场合不同种类的青蛙会混在一起）中的different species与下句中的a female of another species呼应，故选G。

七选五题目主要考查学生综合的英语逻辑思维能力。一篇好的短文，不仅在内容上要前后一致，而且还要语篇结构清晰，上下文逻辑意义严谨。内容的前后一致体现在段内及语篇内话题的自然过渡。语篇结构主要体现为：文章是总分结构，还是按时间或空间顺序发展的，还是辩证三段论的编排的。逻辑意义的严谨最主要的可以通过代词、连词和副词等形式来体现。本文是一篇说明文，由篇章结构可知，这三段并列描写青蛙不同的三种叫声，由此可以很快确定第四小题的答案。其它四题都依靠上下句之间的呼应与指代关系解题，例如第一题主要依据those frogs指代哪些青蛙这一突破点解题，第二题、第三题、第五题都依据上下句词汇呼应解题。具体解题步骤见详情。这些原则做题时比内容一致性更容易发现，准确度也更高，因为它们体现的是语言间的逻辑关系。