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    　　Advice to “sleep on it” could be well founded, scientists say．After a good night's sleep a problem that seemed impossible to solve the night before can often appear more manageable, although no evidence has proved this by now．But researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good night's sleep can improve insight(洞察力)and problem-solving．

    　　“If you have some newly acquired memories in your brain, sleep acts on these memories and restructures(重构)them, so that after sleep the insight into a problem which you could not solve before increases,” said Dr．Jan Born, a neuroscientist(神经科学家), at the university．To test the theory, they taught volunteers two simple rules to help them put a string of numbers into a new order．There was also a third, hidden rule, which could help them increase their speed in solving the problem．The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups：half were allowed to sleep after the training while the rest were forced to stay awake．Born and his team noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as likely to figure out the third rule as the other group．“Sleep helped．”Born said in a telephone interview．“The important thing is that you have to have a memory representation in your brain of the problem you want to solve and then you sleep, so it can act on the problem．” But Born admitted that he and his team don't know how restructuring of memories occurs or what governs it．Pierre Marquette and Pierre Ruby of the University of Liege in Belgium said the experimental evidence supports the suggestion that sleep can help develop creative thinking．Although the role of sleep in human creativity will still be a mystery, the research gives people good reason to fully respect their periods of sleep, they added．

    (1)

    The underlined phrase “sleep on it” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    to put something to be solved aside until the next day

    B．

    to get as much sleep as possible

    C．

    to go on sleeping without being disturbed

    D．

    to sleep till you usually get up the next morning

    (2)

    Jan Born and his team carried out the experiment through ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    interview

    B．

    comparison

    C．

    survey

    D．

    imagination

    (3)

    It can be inferred from the passage that ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    sleep is the only way to solve hard problems

    B．

    people should sleep so long as they have time

    C．

    people know how sleep reconstructs memories

    D．

    people have various periods of sleep

    (4)

    What would be the best title for the passage?

    [　　]

    A．

    How Sleep Works

    B．

    No Evidence, but Well Founded

    C．

    Sleep Helps Solve Problems

    D．

    Born's Discovery On Sleep

    答案：1．A;2．B;3．D;4．C;
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    科目：高中英语 来源：英语教研室 题型：050

    阅读理解

    Pub Etiquette in Britain

    英国的酒吧礼仪

    在公共场所，英国人讲究先来后到，但在生意兴隆的酒吧里看不到排队的现象，整个酒吧井然有序。如果有一天你到英国酒吧消遣，你应该注意些什么呢？

    Amazingly for British, who love queues, there is no formal line-up－the bar staff are skilled at knowing whose turn it is. You are permitted to try to attention, but there are rules about how to do this. Do not call out, tap coins on the counter, snap your finger or wave like a drowning swimmer. Do not scowl or sign or roll your eyes. And whatever you do, do not ring the bell hanging behind the counter－this is used by the landlord to signal closing time. The key thing is to catch the bar worker’s eyes. You could also hold an empty glass or some money, but do not wave them about. Do adopt an expectant, hopeful, even slightly anxious facial expression. If you look too contented and complacent, the bar staff may assume you are already being served.

    Always say“please”and try to remember some of the British bar staffs hates. They do not like people to keep others waiting while they make up their minds. They don’t like people standing idly against the bar when there are a lot of customers waiting for service. And they do not like people who wait until the end of the order before asking for such drinks as Guinness stout which take considerably longer to pour than other drinks. If you follow these tips you should be able to buy yourself a drink. Speaking of tips, you should never offer the bar staff a cash gratuity. The correct behavior is to offer them a drink. Pubs pride themselves on their egalitarian. A tip in cash would be a reminder of their service role, whereas the offer of a drink is a friendly gesture.

    Notes

    scowl v.　怒容；皱眉　　　　　　　　　expectant  adj.  期待的

    complacent  adj. 自满的　　　　　　　 idly  adv. 无效地；懒洋洋地

    stout  n. 烈性黑啤酒　　　　　　　　  gratuity  n.　小费

    egalitarian   n.　＆ adj. 平等；平均主义（的）

    Which statement is true?

    A. The British bar staffs dislike people who make up their minds immediately.

    B. They like people who can wait in line.

    C. They hope people who want to have another drink ring the bell hanging behind the counter.

    D. If you offer them a drink to express your tips, they will feel happy.

     

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    科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：051

    阅读理解

    Pub Etiquette in Britain

    英国的酒吧礼仪

    在公共场所，英国人讲究先来后到，但在生意兴隆的酒吧里看不到排队的现象，整个酒吧井然有序。如果有一天你到英国酒吧消遣，你应该注意些什么呢？

    Amazingly for British, who love queues, there is no formal line-up－the bar staff are skilled at knowing whose turn it is. You are permitted to try to attention, but there are rules about how to do this. Do not call out, tap coins on the counter, snap your finger or wave like a drowning swimmer. Do not scowl or sign or roll your eyes. And whatever you do, do not ring the bell hanging behind the counter－this is used by the landlord to signal closing time. The key thing is to catch the bar worker’s eyes. You could also hold an empty glass or some money, but do not wave them about. Do adopt an expectant, hopeful, even slightly anxious facial expression. If you look too contented and complacent, the bar staff may assume you are already being served.

    Always say“please”and try to remember some of the British bar staffs hates. They do not like people to keep others waiting while they make up their minds. They don’t like people standing idly against the bar when there are a lot of customers waiting for service. And they do not like people who wait until the end of the order before asking for such drinks as Guinness stout which take considerably longer to pour than other drinks. If you follow these tips you should be able to buy yourself a drink. Speaking of tips, you should never offer the bar staff a cash gratuity. The correct behavior is to offer them a drink. Pubs pride themselves on their egalitarian. A tip in cash would be a reminder of their service role, whereas the offer of a drink is a friendly gesture.

    Notes

    scowl v.　怒容；皱眉　　　　　　　　　expectant  adj.  期待的

    complacent  adj. 自满的　　　　　　　 idly  adv. 无效地；懒洋洋地

    stout  n. 烈性黑啤酒　　　　　　　　  gratuity  n.　小费

    egalitarian   n.　＆ adj. 平等；平均主义（的）

    Which statement is true?

    A. The British bar staffs dislike people who make up their minds immediately.

    B. They like people who can wait in line.

    C. They hope people who want to have another drink ring the bell hanging behind the counter.

    D. If you offer them a drink to express your tips, they will feel happy.

     

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    科目：高中英语 来源：英语教研室 题型：050

    阅读理解

    Table Manners in America

    美国餐桌礼仪

        吃的礼节在不同的国度存在着明显的差异。如在我们中国家庭做客，主人会盛情款待你；你吃得越多，主人就会越高兴，还不时会给你添菜斟酒。但如果你把国内这些“挺有礼貌”的习惯带到美国，就可能会被认为不文雅或缺少修养……

        When eating at home with guests or eating out，there are several table manners that are generally observed．

        Most meals served in American homes are served “family style”； this means that food is placed on platters or in large bowls，and passed around to each person at the table，Each person takes a little food and puts it on his or her plate，and then passes the food to the next person．It is OK to ask for second helpings．

    If you are treating your lady friend to a meal at a nice restaurant，it is polite to hold the chair for her while she sits down．Each person orders their own food and drinks，and it is polite to order items that are similar in price to the host’s order．Before beginning your meal，place your napkin over your lap，and remove it when the meal is completely finished。

    It is polite to wait until everyone at your table is served before you begin eating；in some instances，it is best to wait until the host begin eating．It is not polite to rest your elbows on the table．Only one hand should be on the table for most of the meal，unless you need to cut meat or pass something．Americans do not chew with their mouths open，or speak when their mouths are full of food．When drinking alcohol，it is impolite to drink too much or get drunk．If you do not drink，you will usually not be pressured to do so，and you should likewise not pressure others to drink with you．

        Notes

        platter n．大浅盘　　　　　　　　 napkin n．餐巾

    instance  n．例子　　　　　　    lap n．膝上

    elbow  n．肘部　　　　　　　　  alcohol  n．酒；含酒精的饮料

    likewise  adv．同样；也

    Comprehension questions

    1．In America，it is good manners _______when eating in a nice restaurant.

    A．to order items that are similar in price to the host's order

    B．to eat as much as you can

    C．to put your elbows on the table

    D．to eat and eat until only a little food remains on the table

    2．When eating out，it is polite _______．

    A．for you to order food and drinks for everyone

    B．to put your napkin on the table

    C．to speak with your mouth full of food

    D．for everyone to order his or her own food and drinks

    3．When drinking alcohol，_______．

    A．you can put both your hands on the table

    B．you can chew with your mouths open

    C．you should not drink too much or get drunk

    D．you are welcome to drink much or get drunk

     

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    科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：051

    阅读理解

    Table Manners in America

    美国餐桌礼仪

        吃的礼节在不同的国度存在着明显的差异。如在我们中国家庭做客，主人会盛情款待你；你吃得越多，主人就会越高兴，还不时会给你添菜斟酒。但如果你把国内这些“挺有礼貌”的习惯带到美国，就可能会被认为不文雅或缺少修养……

        When eating at home with guests or eating out，there are several table manners that are generally observed．

        Most meals served in American homes are served “family style”； this means that food is placed on platters or in large bowls，and passed around to each person at the table，Each person takes a little food and puts it on his or her plate，and then passes the food to the next person．It is OK to ask for second helpings．

    If you are treating your lady friend to a meal at a nice restaurant，it is polite to hold the chair for her while she sits down．Each person orders their own food and drinks，and it is polite to order items that are similar in price to the host’s order．Before beginning your meal，place your napkin over your lap，and remove it when the meal is completely finished。

    It is polite to wait until everyone at your table is served before you begin eating；in some instances，it is best to wait until the host begin eating．It is not polite to rest your elbows on the table．Only one hand should be on the table for most of the meal，unless you need to cut meat or pass something．Americans do not chew with their mouths open，or speak when their mouths are full of food．When drinking alcohol，it is impolite to drink too much or get drunk．If you do not drink，you will usually not be pressured to do so，and you should likewise not pressure others to drink with you．

        Notes

        platter n．大浅盘　　　　　　　　 napkin n．餐巾

    instance  n．例子　　　　　　    lap n．膝上

    elbow  n．肘部　　　　　　　　  alcohol  n．酒；含酒精的饮料

    likewise  adv．同样；也

    Comprehension questions

    1．In America，it is good manners _______when eating in a nice restaurant.

    A．to order items that are similar in price to the host's order

    B．to eat as much as you can

    C．to put your elbows on the table

    D．to eat and eat until only a little food remains on the table

    2．When eating out，it is polite _______．

    A．for you to order food and drinks for everyone

    B．to put your napkin on the table

    C．to speak with your mouth full of food

    D．for everyone to order his or her own food and drinks

    3．When drinking alcohol，_______．

    A．you can put both your hands on the table

    B．you can chew with your mouths open

    C．you should not drink too much or get drunk

    D．you are welcome to drink much or get drunk

     

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    科目：高中英语 来源：浙江省五校2012届高三第一次联考英语试题 题型：050

    阅读理解

    　　Below is a page adapted from an English dictionary．

    　　stick

    　　verb(stuck, stuck)

    　　push sth in

    　　[＋adv．/prep．] to push sth, usually a sharp object, into sth; to be pushed into sth：[VN] The nurse stuck the needle into my arm．◆ Don't stick your fingers through the bars of the cage．◆ [V] I found a nail sticking in the tyre．

    　　attach

    　　[＋adv．/prep．] to fix sth to sth else, usually with a sticky substance; to become fixed to sth in this way：[VN] He stuck a stamp on the envelope．◆ We used glue to stick the broken pieces together．◆ I stuck the photos into an album．◆ [V] Her wet clothes were sticking to her body．◆ The glue's useless-the pieces just won't stick．

    　　put

    　　[VN ＋adv．/prep．](informal)to put sth in a place, especially quickly or carelessly：Stick your bags down there．◆ He stuck his hands in his pockets and strolled off．◆ Can you stick this on the noticeboard? ◆ Peter stuck his head around the door and said, 'Coffee, anyone?' ◆(spoken)Stick 'em up!(＝put your hands above your head-I have a gun)

    　　become fixed

    　　[V]～(in sth)to become fixed in one position and impossible to move：The key has stuck in the lock．◆ This drawer keeps sticking．

    　　difficult situation

    　　(BrE, informal)(usually used in negative sentences and questions)to accept a difficult or unpleasant situation or person：[VN] I don't know how you stick that job．◆ They're always arguing-I can't stick it any longer．◆ The problem is, my mother can't stick my boyfriend．◆ [V -ing] John can't stick living with his parents．

    　　become accepted

    　　[V] to become accepted：The police couldn't make the charges stick(＝show them to be true)．◆ His friends called him Bart and the name has stuck(＝has become the name that everyone calls him)．

    　　[V] to not take any more cards

    　　Idioms：stick in your mind(of a memory, an image, etc．)to be remembered for a long time：One of his paintings in particular sticks in my mind．

    　　stick in your throat/craw(informal)

    　　(of words)to be difficult or impossible to say：She wanted to say how sorry she was but the words seemed to stick in her throat．

    　　(of a situation)to be difficult or impossible to accept; to make you angry

    　　stick your neck out(informal)to do or say sth when there is a risk that you may be wrong：I'll stick my neck out and say that Bill is definitely the best candidate for the job．

    　　stick to your guns(informal)to refuse to change your mind about sth even when other people are trying to persuade you that you are wrong

    　　Phrasal Verbs：stick around(informal)to stay in a place, waiting for sth to happen or for sb to arrive：Stick around; we'll need you to help us later．

    　　stick at sth to work in a serious and determined way to achieve sth：If you want to play an instrument well, you've got to stick at it．

    　　stick by sb [no passive] to be loyal to a person and support them, especially in a difficult situation：Her husband was charged with fraud but she stuck by him．

    　　stick by sth [no passive] to do what you promised or planned to do：They stuck by their decision．

    　　stick sth＜－＞down(informal)to write sth somewhere：I think I'll stick my name down on the list．

    　　stick out to be noticeable or easily seen：They wrote the notice in big red letters so that it would stick out．

    　　stick sth＜－＞out(of sth)to be further out than sth else or come through a hole; to push sth further out than sth else or through a hole：His ears stick out．◆ She stuck her tongue out at me．◆ Don't stick your arm out of the car window．

    　　stick to sth

    　　to continue doing sth in spite of difficulties：She finds it impossible to stick to a diet．

    　　to continue doing or using sth and not want to change it：He promised to help us and he stuck to his word(＝he did as he had promised)．◆ 'Shall we meet on Friday this week?' 'No, let's stick to Saturday．' ◆ She stuck to her story．

    　　stick together(informal)(of people)to stay together and support each other：We were the only British people in the town so we tended to stick together．

    　　stick up to point upwards or be above a surface：The branch was sticking up out of the water．

    　　stick with sb/sth [no passive](informal)

    　　to stay close to sb so that they can help you：Stick with me and I'll make you a millionaire!

    　　to continue with sth or continue doing sth：They decided to stick with their original plan．

    　　noun

    　　from tree

    　　[C] a thin piece of wood that has fallen or been broken from a tree：We collected dry sticks to start a fire．◆ The boys were throwing sticks and stones at the dog．◆ Her arms and legs were like sticks(＝very thin)．

    　　for walking

    　　[C](especially BrE)＝WALKING STICK：The old lady leant on her stick as she talked．

    　　in sport

    　　[C] a long thin object that is used in some sports to hit or control the ball：a hockey stick

    　　long thin piece

    　　[C](often in compounds)a long thin piece of sth：a stick of dynamite ◆ carrot sticks ◆(AmE)a stick of butter

    　　[C](often in compounds)a thin piece of wood or plastic that you use for a particular purpose：pieces of pineapple on sticks ◆ The men were carrying spades and measuring sticks．

    　　in plane/vehicle

    　　[C](informal, especially AmE)the control stick of a plane

    　　[C](informal, especially AmE)a handle used to change the GEARS of a vehicle

    　　for orchestra

    　　[C] a BATON, used by the person who CONDUCTS an orchestra

    　　criticism

    　　[U](BrE, informal)criticism or harsh words：The referee got a lot of stick from the home fans．

    　　country areas

    　　(the sticks)[pl．](informal)country areas, a long way from cities：We live out in the sticks．

    　　person

    　　[C](old-fashioned, BrE, informal)a person：He's not such a bad old stick．

    (1)

    When Jimmy says：“Every morning, I have to take the crowded bus to school, which I really can't stick．”, he may feel _________．

    [　　]

    A．

    worried

    B．

    curious

    C．

    annoyed

    D．

    discouraged

    (2)

    Due to her fashionable dress, the woman stuck out when she was walking in the street．“stuck out” in this sentence means “_________”．

    [　　]

    A．

    be noticeable

    B．

    be followed

    C．

    be admired

    D．

    be envied

    (3)

    When I was in trouble, Paul was the only one who _________ to help me．

    [　　]

    A．

    stuck in his throat

    B．

    stuck together

    C．

    stuck up

    D．

    stuck his neck out

    (4)

    Sally said to me：“Try a peaceful life out in the sticks, and you will experience something totally different．” She means _________．

    [　　]

    A．

    I should go to the woods to enjoy a new life．

    B．

    I should ignore the criticism and enjoy myself．

    C．

    I should go to the remote areas to have a change．

    D．

    I should go out by plane instead of by train to change my feelings．

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