科目：高中英语 来源：2012-2013学年福建省福建师大附中高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
For many years there's been a debate about rewarding our children. Does it work? Is it effective?
Some people think we should establish a standard with our kids and give them something for meeting this standard as a reward. Punishment is given out in much the same way, but it’s used when certain standards of performance, behavior, etc. have not been met. Kids will often become more dutiful when threatened with punishment, and work harder when promised a valuable reward. The problem is what happens when you aren’t around.
To develop responsible, self-disciplined kids, parents need to promote certain ideas. One of these ideas is that everyone pitches in and helps in your family. Another idea is that there can be enjoyment in doing any task if we choose to make it so. When a task is for a worthy cause (our family can enjoy the house more because I helped clean it), this message can have a big impact.
This is how we help our kids develop a sense of responsibility. When our children develop this responsibility, they’ll be more disciplined, and they’ll control their emotions better. When we give rewards to our kids, we reduce the sense of responsibility. We also create children who may temporarily perform to a certain standard, but who aren’t likely to continue the performance without the carrot hanging in front of them.
“Rewards and punishment can change behavior for a while, but they cannot change the person who engages in the behavior,” said Alfie Kohn, author of Punished by Rewards. “Good values have to be grown from the inside out.” Parents can help give their children a sense of shared responsibility and discipline which can last a life time. The real rewards that your children receive will be their readiness for the complex and demanding world that waits for them—a world that rewards those who have learned the secrets of discipline responsibility. So keep those shiny rewarding to yourself, and let your kids find their own rewards.
【小题1】According to the passage, when children are threatened with punishment, ______.
| A．they may lose interest in their work |
| B．the results will be worse than usual |
| C．they may change to another person |
| D．they may appear to be well-behaved |
| A．apologies | B．aims | C．rewards | D．doubts |
| A．never pay attention to the way their children do things |
| B．show their children how to behave by example |
| C．help their children establish good values |
| D．never punish their children |
| A．Should parents reward their children? |
| B．Do you often reward your children? |
| C．When should parents reward their children? |
| D．What can parents reward their children with? |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013届辽宁省实验中学分校高三上学期12月月考英语试卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
Mark Ramirez, a senior executive at AOL, could work in the comfortable leather chair, if he wanted. No, thanks. He prefers to stand most of the day at a desk raised above stomach level.
“I’ve got my knees bent. I feel totally alive,” he said. “It feels more natural to stand.”
In the past few years, standing has become the new sitting for 10 percent of AOL employees at the firm’s Virginia branch. Part of a standing popularity is among accountants, programmers, telemarketers and other office workers across the nation.
GeekDesk, a California firm that sells desks raised by electric motors, says sales will triple this year.
Standers give various reasons for taking to their feet: It makes them feel more focused, prevents drowsiness(困倦睡意), and makes them feel like a general even if they just push paper. (Former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfels works standing up. So does novelist Philip Roth.)
But unknown to them, a debate (辩论) is spreading among ergonomics experts（人类工程学家） and public-health researchers about whether all office workers should be encouraged to stand—to save lives.
Doctors point to surprising new research showing higher rates of diabetes, obesity, heart disease and even mortality among people who sit for long stretches. A study earlier this year in the American Journal of Epidemiology showed that among 123,000 adults followed over 14 years, those who sat more than six hours a day were at least 18 percent more likely to die during the time period studied than those who sat less than three hours a day.
“Every rock we turn over when it comes to sitting is astonishing,” said Marc Hamilton, a leading researcher on inactivity physiology at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Louisiana. “Sitting is harmful. It’s dangerous. We are on the cusp (尖端) of a major revolution.” He calls sitting “the new smoking”.
Not so fast, other experts say. Standing too much at work will cause more long-term back injuries. Incidences of varicose veins(静脉曲张) among women will increase. The heart will have to pump more.
Hedge, the Cornell professor, isn’t a fan of all this standing. “Making people stand all day is dumb,” he said.
The sensible and most cost-effective strategy（策略）, he said, is to sit in a neutral posture（姿势）, slightly reclined(下弯的), with the keyboard on a tray above the lap. This position promotes positive blood flow. Workers should occasionally walk around, stretch and avoid prolonged periods at the desk. The key, he said, is movement, not standing.
【小题1】Marc Hamilton said “Every rock we turn over when it comes to sitting is astonishing” to show that________.
| A．the result of the study about sitting too long is shocking |
| B．we need to remove many rocks |
| C．we need to smooth away many difficulties |
| D．sitting on a rock is necessary |
| A．It will cause more long-term back injuries |
| B．it will raise the burden of heart |
| C．incidences of varicose veins among women will increase |
| D．standing too much at work per day is too tiring |
| A．it is better not to stand more than 6 hours |
| B．sitting too long can arouse illnesses easily |
| C．sitting long is specially harmful to adults |
| D．standing much is better than sitting long |
| A．Standing is not better than sitting |
| B．Standing more does no harm to people |
| C．Standing will promote the efficiency |
| D．More office workers take standing against sitting |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2012-2013学年江西省赣州市厚德外国语学校高一12月月考英语试卷（带解析） 题型：写作题
最近，你校学生就“金钱是否能带来幸福”这一话题进行了一场激烈的辩论，辩论的结果如下表所示：
| 正方 | 反方 |
| 1、钱非常重要，生活离不开钱 2、钱可以帮助我们解决很多问题 3、钱使我们的生活更舒适 | 1、金钱不是万能的 2、金钱买不到幸福和健康 3、过分在乎金钱就会失去人生的意义 |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010-2011学年湖南省高三年级1月高考押题卷英语试题 题型：阅读理解
It is not a good idea to stop the actor Richard Griffiths in the middle of a play．During the past year he has stopped performances many times at the National Theatre when mobile phones rang, and he threw out one member of the audience because she failed to turn off her phone．
So when a mobile rang out for the third time during his performance in Alan Bennett’s The History Boys, he spoke angrily to the theatergoer （爱看戏的人）, “I am not going to compete with these electronic devices （装置）．”
Griffiths’ actions led to a debate in the UK theatre world over whether phones should be forbidden by law from British theatres, too．Actors have already asked the government to legalise （使合法化） the use of an electronic device that stops mobile phone signals in theatres．
Technology companies have “stopping” devices that send out a high-powered signal on the same frequency （频率） as a mobile phone, stopping the mobile phone signal．
However, these are forbidden in many countries because they might stop emergency calls from being made．
Rosemary Squire, president of the Society of West End Theatre, said, “Phones are one of the biggest problems theatres face．We should look at equipment that could stop phones or make a London-wide theatre rule．”
Nick Allott, the managing director of Sir Cameron Mackintosh’s theatre group, said, “We would all welcome some ways of stopping ringing phones but doctors and emergency workers need to be connected in a theatre and we mustn’t stop that．” What can we do to solve the problem?
1.What can we infer from the second paragraph?
|
A．Surely Griffiths did better than mobile phones in the theatre． |
|
B．Griffiths didn’t want mobile phones to affect his performance． |
|
C．Griffiths was jealous that mobile phones attracted the audience’s attention． |
|
D．Griffiths taught theatergoers a lesson in the performance as a teacher． |
2.According to the passage, “stopping” devices ______．
|
A．have the same functions as mobile phones |
|
B．cause the biggest problem theatres have to face |
|
C．prevent the mobile phones signals from being received |
|
D．help doctors or emergency workers receive emergency calls |
3.According to Nick Allott, ______．
|
A．“stopping” devices can make the sound of mobile phones disappear |
|
B．no one except doctors and emergency workers should have mobile phones |
|
C．phones are one of the biggest problems theatres face |
|
D．stopping phones in theatres has some side effects |
4.What will probably be talked about following the last paragraph?
|
A．Griffiths’ next performance in theatres． |
|
B．The opinions the public has about the problem． |
|
C．The ways to solve the cellphone problem in public places． |
|
D．The side effects mobile phones have on people． |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010-2011学年上海市松江区高三英语5月模拟测试 题型：填空题
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A. offers B. influences C. uncovered D. exactly E. big F. found G. campaigns H. involved J. properly I. notion |
What’s in a name? Letters offer clues to one’s future decisions, apparently. Previous studies have suggested that maybe a person’s monogram __1__ his life choices — where he works, whom he marries or where he lives — because of “implied self-esteem (自负),” or the temptation of positive self-associations. For instance, a person named Fred might be attracted to the __2__ of living in Fresno, working for Forever 21 or driving a Ford F-150.
Now a new study by professor Uri takes another look at the so-called name-letter effect and __3__ other explanations for the phenomenon. He analyzed records of political donations in the U.S. during the 2004 campaign — which included donors’ names and employers — and found that the name of a person’s workplace more closely related to the first three letters of a person’s name than with just the first letter. But he suggests that the reason for the association isn’t implied self-esteem, but perhaps something __4__ the opposite.
Duyck, one of the researchers whose previous work __5__ the name-letter effect, isn’t so quick to abandon the implied self-esteem theory. He pointed out that the sample group Uri studied may have biased the results: Uri analyzed the name-letter effect in a sample of people who donated money to political __6__. Still, Duyck notes that Uri’s theories are credible, and that even while some people may __7__ the same name of companies, employees may be tending to those companies because they start with the same letter as their names. In the end, whatever the explanation for the name-letter effect, no one really disputes that self-esteem is __8__ on some level. But the true importance of the effect is up for debate. “I can’t imagine people don’t like their own letter more than other letters,” says Uri, “but the differences it makes in really __9__ decisions are probably slim.”
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