It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather.Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr.Johnson’s famous comment that“When two English meet，their first talk is of weather.”Though Johnson’s observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago，most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this English weather?speak.
Bill Bryson，for example，concludes that，as the English weather is not at all exciting，the obsession with it can hardly be understood.He argues that“To an outsider，the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply，the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.
Jeremy Paxman，however，disagrees with Bryson，arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive.Bryson is wrong，he says，because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena.“The interest is less in the phenomena themselves，but in uncertainty.”According to him，the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.
Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weather?speak among the English.Both commentators，somehow，are missing the point.The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all.English weather?speak is a system of signs，which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other.Everyone knows conversations starting with weather?speak are not requests for weather data.Rather，they are routine greetings，conversation starters or the blank “fillers”．In other words，English weather?speak is a means of social bonding.
1.The author mentions Dr.Johnson’s comment to show that________.
A．most commentators agree with Dr.Johnson
B．Dr.Johnson is famous for his weather observation
C．the comment was accurate two hundred years ago
D．English conversations usually start with the weather
2.What does the underlined word “obsession” most probably refer to?
A．A social trend.
B．An emotional state.
C．A historical concept.
D．An unknown phenomenon.
3.According to the passage，Jeremy Paxman believes that________.
A．Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather
B．there is nothing special about the English weather
C．the English weather attracts people to the British Isles
D．English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty
4.What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?
A．To explain what English weather?speak is about.
B．To analyse misconceptions about the English weather.
C．To find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman.
D．To convince people that the English weather is changeable.
1.D
2.B
3.D
4.A
【解析】本文为一篇议论文。由于英格兰的天气是多变的，所以英国人谈论天气被认为是见面或者搭讪的合理开场白是再熟悉不过的了，本文就此从不同的角度进行了解释。
1.
2.2】解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句话“……那些不常见、难以预料的天气在不列颠群岛几乎是不被人知道的”可知，英国的天气根本不令人兴奋，随之而来的一种情绪也是几乎不能被理解的。obsession可以理解成是一种谈论天气的“强迫症”，故它是一种情绪的状态，所以答案为B项。
3.3】解析：选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Jeremy所说的话可知，他反驳Bryson的观点，他认为英格兰的天气是多变而又不确定的，这吸引着英国人和外来者，所以答案为D项。
4.4】解析：选A。作者意图判断题。根据第一段的介绍和最后一段的总结可知，本文主要是解析英国人的weather?speak到底是关于什么的。所以答案为A项。B、C两项陈述有误，D项“使人们信服英国的天气是多变的”不是文章的主要谈论内容。
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
健康问题一直是生活中的热点话题。尤其对于女性来说，你知道穿矮高跟鞋和纯粹的高跟鞋对你身体健康的影响吗？
Healthy knees aren't the main consideration in choosing high heels, but new research says chunky heels are just __________as spindly stilettos（细高跟鞋）.
"It takes a long time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis（骨关节炎）— and once you do, it is too late," said Dr. Casey Kerrigan, leading researcher of the study and associate professor at Harvard Medical School's department of physical medicine.
"I compare it to smoking — one cigarette is not painful, but over a lifetime it is. Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable, so women wear them all day long, "Kerrigan said.”They are better for your feet than stiletto heels, but just as had for your knees.”
The idea that high heels are bad for your health isn't new — scientists have warned women for years that they contribute to problems ranging from corns to hammer toes, tendonitis, knee pain, sprained（扭伤）ankles and back problems.
But in 1998, Kerdgan and a team of Harvard researchers were the first to link high heels and knee osteoarthritis, a painful joint disease that destroys cartilage（软骨）surrounding the knee.
The first study looked only at stiletto heels, and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky high-heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.
"This study confirms what we all intuitively（直觉地）know that high-heeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health," said Dr. Glenn Pfeifer, a San Francisco doctor and member of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons who was not connected to the study.
1. What’s the main idea of the passage?
2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
In my opinion, it is similar to smoking, for smoking one cigarette does little harm but if you smoke all your life, it’ll be very painful.
3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.（within ten words）
4. What do you think of wearing the chunky heels according to the passage? （within 30 words）
5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Healthy knees aren't the main consideration in choosing high heels, but new research says chunky heels are just __________as spindly stilettos (细高跟鞋).
"It takes a long time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis (骨关节炎) — and once you do, it is too ]ate," said Dr. Casey Kerrigan, leading researcher of the study and associate professor at Harvard Medical School's department of physical medicine.
"I compare it to smoking — one cigarette is not painful, but over a lifetime it is. Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable, so women wear them all day long, "Kerrigan said. "They are better for your feet than stiletto heels, but just as had for your knees."
The idea that high heels are bad for your health isn't new — scientists have warned women for years that they contribute to problems ranging from corns to hammer toes, tendonitis, knee pain, sprained (扭伤) ankles and back problems.
But in 1998,Kerdgan and a team of Harvard researchers were the first to link high heels and knee osteoarthritis, a painful joint disease that destroys cartilage (软骨) surrounding the knee.
The first study looked only at stiletto heels, and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky high-heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.
"This study confirms what we all intuitively (直觉地) know that high-heeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health," said Dr. Glenn Pfeifer, a San Francisco doctor and member of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons who was not connected to the study.
1.What’s the main idea of the passage?
2.Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
In my opinion ,it is similar to smoking ,for smoking one cigarette does little harm but if you smoke all your life,it’ll be very painful.
3.Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(within ten words)
4.What do you think of wearing the chunky heels according to the passage?(within 30 words)
5.Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Healthy knees aren’t the main consideration in choosing high heels,but new research says chunky heels are just as bad for the knees as spindly stilettos（细高跟鞋）.“It takes a long time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis（骨关节炎）—and once you do it,it is too late,”said Dr.Casey Kerrigan,leading researcher of the study and associate professor at Harvard Medical School’s department of physical medicine.“I compare it to smoking—one cigarette is not painful,but over a lifetime it is.Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable,so women wear them all day long,”Kerrigan said.“They are better for your feet than stiletto heels,but just as bad for your knees.”
In the study,researchers had twenty women wear two pairs of shoes with three-inch heels,one with a narrow heel and the other with a thick one.The scientists compared how much pressure was put on the women’s knees by both types of shoes.The women also walked bare-foot to test normal pressure.The scientists found that both types of shoes applied equal amounts of pressure to the knees.Compared with walking barefoot,the heels increased pressure on the inside of the knee by 26 percent.Increased pressure on the knee eventually leads to arthritis,experts say.
The idea that high heels are bad for your health isn’t new—scientists have warned women for years that they contribute to problems ranging from corns to hammer toes,tendonitis,knee pain,sprained(扭伤)ankles and back problems.But in 1998,Kerrigan and a team of Harvard researchers were the first to link high heels and knee osteoarthritis,a painful joint disease that destroys cartilage(软骨)surrounding the knee.The first study looked only at stiletto heels,and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky high-heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.“This study confirms what we all intuitively（直觉地）know that high-heeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health,”said Dr.Glem Pfeffer,a San Francisco doctor and member of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons who was not connected to the study.
We learn from the passage that women choose chunky heels because _________.
A.they want to walk comfortably
B.chunky heeled shoes are cheaper than stiletto heeled pairs
C.chunky heels do less harm to knees
D.chunky heels are not painful at all
The study mentioned in the second paragraph found that _________.
A.pressure on the foot is caused by high heels
B.the pressure is abnormal while walking barefoot
C.arthritis is always caused by pressure on the knees
D.both types of shoes have the same harm to the knees
It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
A.people got to know the high heels are bad for health recently
B.people have known the high heels are bad for health for years
C.people haven’t known the high heels are bad for health yet
D.people will be warned that the high heels are bad for health soon
Kerrigan’s late study looked at the chunky high-heeled shoes because _________.
A.they feel more comfortable
B.they are related to knee osteoarthritis
C.they are worn by many women
D.they are different from stiletto heels
The best title for the passage may be _________.
A.Talking Healthy Knees into Consideration
B.High-heels Do Harm to Knees
C.Chunky Heels and Stiletto Heels
D.When Wearing High-heels
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Jim is one of my closely friends. Two months ago, his mother bought a computer to him as a birthday present. She hoped Jim will study hard with the help of the computer. To his surprise, Jim just wasted plenty of time play computer games every day. Now she regrets buying the computer. As matter of fact, a computer can do a lot of everyday jobs for us. It is wide used in factories, hospitals, banks and so on. Many computers scientists are now trying to make the computer to “think” like a man. In my opinion, the key is what we should use it wisely.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2014届黑龙江省高二上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号∧,并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线/ 划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不记分。
Jim is one of my closely friends. Two months ago，his mother bought a computer
to him as a birthday present. She hoped Jim will study hard with the help of the
computer. To his surprise，Jim just wasted plenty of time play computer games every
day. Now she regrets buying the computer. As matter of fact，a computer can do a lot of
everyday jobs for us. It is wide used in factories，hospitals，banks and so on. Many
computers scientists are now trying to make the computer to “think” like a man. In my
opinion，the key is what we should use it wisely.
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