Question

【题目】 Influenza is an infection caused by flu viruses travelling through the air and entering the body through the nose or mouth. From October 2018 to early May 2019, up to 61,200 people died due to flu complications, while up to 647,000 people were hospitalized, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Despite similar symptoms, a cold is milder than the flu while flu symptoms develop more suddenly and severely and can impact your body above and below the neck. 【1】

Several factors can lead to Influenza. 【2】 You can catch the flu, breathing in these droplets, or touching objects such as doorknobs or keyboards that are contaminated with the virus and then touching your nose, or mouth. People under 4, or above 65 or with a weakened immune system are at greater risk of catching the flu.

Treatment without delay plays a dominant role. If you promptly see your doctor upon noticing symptoms, he or she may give you an antiviral drug, oseltamivir. 【3】“The best way to treat the flu is to rest, drink fluids and use any other remedies that best relieve your symptoms such as pain reliever for headaches and achy muscles.” says a professor of infectious diseases at Northwestern Memorial Hospital.

Prevention is better than defense.【4】 Experts widely agree that the single best way is to get the vaccine (疫苗) each year, which is appropriate for anyone 6 months and older. 【5】 Moreover, practicing good hygiene can prevent flu germs from spreading. Highly recommended are washing your hands, coughing or sneezing into a tissue, avoiding touching your nose and mouth, cleaning surfaces and objects like keyboards and telephones and avoiding crowded areas.

A.Approaches to flu vary from expert to expert.

B.You can escape catching influenza with some common-sense health practices.

C.When someone with the flu coughs or sneezes, droplets carrying the virus enter the air.

D.These can include fever, achy muscles, sore throat, cough, headache, chills, fatigue or vomiting.

E.The flu shot protects against the most common three or four flu viruses research indicates that year.

F.If taken within two days, the medicine can lessen symptoms and shorten the length of time you are sick by about a day.

G.To determine if you have the flu or a cold, your doctor will do a physical exam, ask about your symptoms, and possibly do a lab test.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】F

【4】B

【5】E

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章说明了流感是由流感病毒通过空气传播并通过鼻子或嘴巴进入人体引起的感染，介绍了流感的一些症状、引发因素、治疗以及预防措施。

【1】根据上文Despite similar symptoms, a cold is milder than the flu while flu symptoms develop more suddenly and severely and can impact your body above and below the neck.可知，尽管有相似的症状，但感冒比流感要温和，而流感的症状会发展得更突然、更严重，并会影响你颈部上下的身体。由此可知，本句是对流感的具体症状进行一一说明和举例，故D选项“这些症状包括发烧、肌肉疼痛、喉咙痛、咳嗽、头痛、发冷、疲劳或呕吐”符合上下文语境。故选D。

【2】根据后文You can catch the flu, breathing in these droplets, or touching objects such as doorknobs or keyboards that are contaminated with the virus and then touching your nose, or mouth.可知，你可能会染上流感，吸入这些飞沫，或触摸被病毒污染的门把手或键盘等物体，然后触摸你的鼻子或嘴。由此可知，本句是在说明其中的一种感染因素， 既是前一句的举例， 也与后一句合理衔接，且C选项中droplets与后文中these droplets词汇照应。故C选项“当流感患者咳嗽或打喷嚏时，携带病毒的飞沫进入空气”符合上下文语境。故选C。

【3】根据上文If you promptly see your doctor upon noticing symptoms, he or she may give you an antiviral drug, oseltamivir.可知，如果你发现症状后立即去看医生，他或她可能会给你一种抗病毒药物，oseltamivir。由此可知，本句应当承接上文，说明服用了这些药之后身体的反应情况。F中的medicine指的oseltamivir，故F选项“如果在两天内服用，这种药可以减轻症状，缩短大约一天的患病时间”符合上下文语境。故选F。

【4】根据上文Prevention is better than defense.可知，预防胜于防御。由此可知，本句承接上文，说明一些可以避免得流感的健康常识。故B选项“你可以通过一些常识性的卫生措施来避免感染流感”符合上下文语境。故选B。

【5】根据上文Experts widely agree that the single best way is to get the vaccine each year, which is appropriate for anyone 6 months and older.可知，专家们普遍认为，最好的方法是每年接种疫苗，这适用于任何6个月及以上的人。其中E选项中的shot和vaccine对应，承接上文说明接种流感疫苗可以预防流感病毒。故E选项“当年的研究表明，流感疫苗可以预防三到四种最常见的流感病毒”符合上下文语境。故选E。

七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。如第3小题，根据上文If you promptly see your doctor upon noticing symptoms, he or she may give you an antiviral drug, oseltamivir.可知，如果你发现症状后立即去看医生，他或她可能会给你一种抗病毒药物，oseltamivir。由此可知，本句应当承接上文，说明服用了这些药之后身体的反应情况。F中的medicine指的oseltamivir，故F选项“如果在两天内服用，这种药可以减轻症状，缩短大约一天的患病时间”符合上下文语境。故选F。