Every one of us gets so used to punctuation marks that not many of us give them a second thought． Actually, the ancient Greeks wrote this way． The lack of punctuation marks probably didn’t bother good readers, though． As they read, they just put pauses where they fit best． Also at this time, sentences switched directions． A sentence read from
left to right． The next one read right to left, and then left to right again, etc． The ancient Romans sometimes punctuated like this: They put something that can separate words in a sentence． The word punctuation actually comes from this idea and the Latin word punctum,
which means a dot.
When the 5th century arrived, there were just two punctuation marks: spaces and points． The spaces separated words while the points showed pauses in reading． Then in the 13th century, a printer named Aldus Manutius tried to standardize punctuation． He always used a period for a complete stop at the end of a sentence． He used a slash (/) to indicate a short pause． Over time, that slash was shortened and curled, and it became the modern comma (逗号).
Since that time, other marks have enlarged the punctuation family． The exclamation mark (感叹号) comes from the Latin word io． It means “exclamation of joy.” The question mark originally started out as the Latin word questio, meaning question． Eventually, scholars put it at the end of a sentence to show a question.
Punctuation even keeps changing nowadays． New marks are coming into existence, and old punctuation marks are used in new ways． Take for example the “interrobang”． This 1962 invention combines the question mark and exclamation mark for times when writers want both． For example, “She did what?” or “How much did you pay for that dress?” Obviously, the interrobang is not widely used or recognized yet, but its invention shows that English is not yet finished with its punctuation.
1.From the first paragraph, we can know that _______.
A． good readers had trouble reading without punctuation marks
B． a sentence always read from left to right in ancient Greece
C． ancient Greeks switched the direction of punctuation marks
D． the use of punctuation marks can date back to ancient times
2.The passage is developed _______.
A． by time B． by space
C． by comparison D． by importance
3.We can learn from the passage that _______.
A． ancient Romans didn’t use any punctuation marks
B． exclamation and question marks came from Latin
C． spaces and slashes were already used before the 5th century
D． Aldus Manutius first started to use commas
4.What can be concluded from the last paragraph?
A． The combination of two marks will not work.
B． It takes time for people to accept new punctuation marks.
C． Old punctuation marks need to be standardized.
D． Punctuation marks are still changing today.
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They had no choice but ______ as their mother told them.
A. do B. to do
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根据所给首字母或汉语意思，写出正确的单词来完成句子。
注意：给出首字母的词，需将首字母一起填写到答题卷上
1.Although s__________ from illnesses for years, the old lady still faces her day with a smile.
2.You can’t imagine the trouble the salesman had __________ (说服) a customer to buy the high-tech product.
3.Though I hadn’t met him for many years, I could r__________ him immediately I saw him in the crowd.
4.We __________ (逐渐) get used to getting up early in the morning and going to bed late at night.
5.—Do you know when the People's Republic of China was __________ (成立)?
—On October 1, 1949.
6.We are glad to get together to offer our c__________ on women’s volleyball team’s success in the Olympic Games.
7.Years ago, my wife and I volunteered at a homeless s__________ for people who lost their houses in an earthquake.
8.J__________ from his dress, he's probably a Tibetan.
9.Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be e__________ respected.
10.Only well e__________ people can have a good understanding of the lecture given by the scientist.
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阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
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My dad is 90 years old. He can hardly see very well and walks with a stick. I was scanning the restaurant, 3. (wait) to sit at the first table that was 4.__ (convenient) than others. A woman who was sitting with her son made eye contact with me and asked me to come to her. With a 5. (puzzle) look on my face, I pointed to myself and said , “Me?” She 6. (nod) and said, “Yes, you.” I walked to the table and she said, “Bring your family here. I can finish eating at the counter. My son is in 7. hurry to leave anyway.” My eyes 8. (fill) with tears as she wiped down the table and guided my dad to the seat.
I always believe that there are 9. (nature) kind people in this world. This woman has set a good example to her son, 10. is a really lucky guy.
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假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你的美国朋友Tom一周前给你发电子邮件，询问你暑假里的打算，但你因准备期末考试未能及时回复。请根据以下要点给他回封邮件：
1.未及时回信的原因；
2.你假期的打算（如做兼职、旅行、做志愿者等）。
注意：
1．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
2．词数：120左右。
Dear Tom,
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
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--Does the young man standing there ________ the company.
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A.in possession of; in the possession of
B.have possession of; in the possession of
C. take possession of; in possession of
D. have possession of; in possession of
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As a student of Senior Three, he has very little free time _________ he can spend developing his own interest.
A. when B. in which
C. at which D. that
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Think about vitamin D when you’re catching up on summer rays. It’s sometimes called the “sunshine vitamin” because it’s produced in your skin in response to sunlight. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble (脂溶性的) vitamin in a family of compounds that includes vitamins D-1, D-2, and D-3. It can affect as many as 2,000 genes in the body.
Vitamin D has several important functions. Perhaps the most vital are regulating the absorption of calcium and phosphorous（磷）, and promoting normal immune system function. Getting enough vitamin D is important for normal growth and development of bones and teeth, as well as improving resistance against certain diseases.
In addition to its primary benefits, research suggests that vitamin D may also play a role in:
reducing your risk of multiple sclerosis（多发性硬化）, according to a 2006 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association
decreasing your chance of developing heart disease, according to 2008 findings published in Circulation
helping to reduce your possibility of developing the flu, according to 2010 research published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
regulating mood and warding off depression
losing weight or preventing heart disease
How do you get it? Your body produces vitamin D naturally when it is directly exposed to sunlight. A little can go a long way. All you need is 10 minutes a day of midday, pre-sunscreen sun exposure,especially if you have fair skin. Besides getting vitamin D through sunlight, you can also get it through certain foods and supplements to ensure adequate levels of the vitamin in your blood.
1.Why is Vitamin D sometimes called “Sunshine Vitamin”?
A. Because it is produced in your skin reacting to sunlight.
B. Because it is named a fat-soluble vitamin.
C. Because it is produced with enough sunshine.
D. Because it is like sunshine in summer.
2.How can a person ensure enough Vitamin D in his/ her body?
A. He/ She could ask doctors for help.
B. He/ She should walk a long way in the sunlight.
C. He/ She should be exposed to sunlight for a long time.
D. He/ She should get it through sunlight, foods and supplements.
3.Which of the following is NOT the function of Vitamin D?
A. Preventing heart disease.
B. Helping the body grow normally.
C. Producing calcium and phosphorous.
D. Decreasing anxiety and nervousness.
4.Which is the best title of the passage?
A. Vitamin D Family
B. Vitamin D, You Need It
C. Ways to get Vitamin D
D. A Good Medicine—Vitamin D
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单词填空。
1.The famous professor will give us a l__________ in the classroom.
2.The c__________ of experiment is that iron doesn’t rust in dry air.
3.I will really a__________ it if you can come by yourself.
4.Every year, more than 1 million t__________ pay a visit to the Sun Island.
5.The sun is the major s__________ of energy for our planet.
6.At the moment, about 80 percent of web traffic is in English, but this p__________ is going down.
7.All the children want to be i__________. But at last they still have to rely on their parents.
8.A CD-ROM is a separate disk that c__________ lots of information.
9.Our car had a b__________ on the road, so we had to go home on foot.
10.He entered the room without p__________, so he was caught by the guard.
11.Scientists believe the world’s a__________ temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900.
12.It’s important to have a balanced, healthy d__________.
13.There is much chance that Bill will recover（恢复） from his leg i__________ in time for the race.
14.“Waste not, want not” is an English p__________.
15.A fish bone has stuck(卡住) in my t__________.
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