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    Although there are no state controlled survival courses in Britain or the United States，there are various independent organizations offering similar activities．Students can participate(take part)in outdoor training courses through university clubs and societies．Anyone can register with such groups，which then organize courses，training and trips for all members．
    One of the most popular outdoor training programmes in both the US and Britain is Outward Bound(户外训练)．It was founded in 1941 in Wales and attracts hundreds of thousands of adventurous types every year. The courses are intended to broaden minds through experiences that build confidence, self-esteem(自尊)and character．As well as specialist courses such as canoeing，leadership skills and sailing，participants can take part in week long adventure training camps which include a host of sports and survival training education skills．
    Michael Williams，an American student，took part in an Outward Bound course last year．He said：“We learned lots of first aid skills，lots of natural history ,lots of environmental facts, and participated in a wildlife preservation programme．Beyond that，my favorite skills learned were sailing and rock climbing.”Courses can last up to 40 days and are open to anyone over the age of 14．Students must be in general good health，but do not need to be experienced in outdoor-sports．There is no selection process；everyone is welcome，although new participants are advised to pick a course matching their physical capacity．Most of the British courses take place in the Brecon Beacons in Wales．Another similar organization is the UK Survival School，which includes courses on learning to 1ive with the environment， sailing and  winter survival．On a basic survival weekend students will learn how to get water and food, how to make fire and cook with it，to find and build a shelter，control survival life support，how to cross rivers．Send off a distress signal，and to use compasses(指南针)by day and night．
    According to the leaders，such adventures are “an awakening, an exploration into the unknown.”Outward Bound believes that participants will “use mind and body traveling some of the Earth’s roughest wilderness areas．”   
    小题1:In Britain and the United States，survival courses are popular with    ．
    A．old people B．young people C．dangerous people D．weak people
    小题2:The advantage of the training courses is that   .
    A．participants can make friends with others
    B．participants can visit some places of interest
    C．participants can experience different adventures
    D．participants can learn how wonderful nature is
    小题3:In an Outward Bound course last year，the most exciting experience Michael Williams had was   .
    A．learning first aid skills B．collecting facts of environment
    C．rock climbing and sailing D．preserving wildlife

    小题1:B          
    小题1:C
    小题1:C
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees. “Flight distance” is the term used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule, there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance—the larger the animal, the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy. An antelope will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards away. The wall lizard’s(壁虎) flight distance, on the other hand, is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.
    　 Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction. “Critical distance” includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance. A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome. If the man continues the approach, he soon penetrates(进入) the lion’s critical distance, at which point the cornered lion turns back and begins slowly to stalk (逼近) the man.
    　 Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal(致命的) for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies. Social distance is not simply the distance at which an animal will lose contact with his group—that is, the distance at which it can no longer see, hear, or smell the group—it is rather a psychological distance, one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when it goes beyond its limits.
    Social distance is not always rigidly(刻板的) fixed but is determined in part by the situation. When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother’s voice, social distance may be the length of her reach. When added control is needed because of danger, social distance shortens. To show this in man, one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street.
    小题1:.
    Which of the following is the correct explanation of “Flight Distance” in paragraph 1?
    A．Distance between animals of the same species before fleeing.
    B．Distance between large and small animals before fleeing.
    C．Distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing.
    D．Distance between certain animal species before fleeing.
    小题2:.
    If a lion’s critical distance is penetrated, it will __________.
    A．begin to attack.
    B．try to hide.
    C．begin to jump.
    D．run away.
    小题3:.
    . The example of “children holding hands when crossing the street” in the last paragraph shows that ________.
    A．social distance is not always needed.
    B．there is no social distance among small children.
    C．humans are different from animals in social distance.
    D．social distance is sometimes determined by outside factors.
    小题4:.
    . Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
    A．Critical Distance
    B．Social Distance
    C．Relationship Between Animals
    D．Spacing in Animals

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of out brains are not getting enough exercise, and as a result, we are growing old unnecessarily soon.
    Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why quite healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a rather early age, and how the speed of getting old could be slowed down.
    With a team of researchers at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain sizes of a thousand people of different ages with different jobs.
    Computer technology helped the researchers to get most exact measurements of the sizes of the front and side parts of the brain, which have something to do with thinking and feeling, and decide the human character. As we all know, the back part of the brain, which controls task like eating and breathing, does not contract(萎缩) with age.
    Contraction of front and side parts, as cells(细胞) die off, was seen in some people in their thirties, but it was still not found in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.
    Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction---using the head.
    The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than those in the towns. Those with least possibility, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White-collar workers doing the same work day after day in government offices are, however, as possible to have contracting brains as the farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants.
    小题1: The team of doctors wanted to find out ____.
    A．at what point people grow live longer.
    B．how to make people live longer
    C．the size of certain people’s brains.
    D．which group of people are the busiest
    小题2:Their research findings are based on ______.c
    A．an examination of farmers in northern Japan
    B．using computer technology
    C．examining the brain sizes of different people
    D．tests given a thousand old people
    小题3:The doctor’s tests show that ______.
    A．our brains contract as we grow older
    B．one part of the brain does not contract
    C．sixty-year-olds have better brains than thirty-year-olds
    D．contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country
    小题4: According to the article, _____ are growing mentally old earlier.
    A．engineersB．office clerksC．professorsD．researchers
    小题5:The most possible conclusion of the article is that ____.
    A．most of us should take more exercise
    B．it’s better to live in the towns
    C．the brain contracts if it is not used
    D．the more one uses his brain, the sooner he becomes old

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    What is most likely to affect your success at school or at a job? The ability to read. And that goes for your kids too. The declining literacy(读写能力的下降) of our society has been a main concern of educators for a while now, and yet things are not getting better.
    In most cases, how well we learn to read will depend largely on our exposure（接触） to language as children. If we hear people around us talking about all kinds of subjects as children, we naturally pick up the words and phrases they use. If we pick up a lot of words, we will learn to read better.
    Much of the traditional advice to struggling readers, theses days, seems to include developing “cognitive strategies”（认知策略）. In this way, readers are asked to centre more, to think, to be interested and ask questions, to analyze, to predict, to reason, and to check their understanding, or worse still to answer questions of what they have read. In other words they are asked to become self-conscious（有自我意识的） readers. I do not agree with this approach.
    Here are my several strategies for reading improvement.
    Read about things that interest you. If you are interested in what you are reading about, the words will come alive, and you will understand better. The more you read, the better you will become at reading. Just get started and it will become a habit, as long as you are interested in what you are reading.
    Read material that is at your level or just a little difficult for you. Read material that you find easy to read, or just a little challenging. Looking up many unknown words in a dictionary is dull, and the results of the dictionary search are quickly forgotten.
    _____ If you can hear the new words and phrases that you are reading, you will have an easier time understanding and remembering them. Hearing the rhythm of someone reading a text will help your own reading.
    Don’t worry about what you don’t understand. Most of your reading should be for pleasure. You can still enjoy reading without understanding all of what you read. You may even understand some things in your own personal way.
    Unfortunately not all reading is just for pleasure. When you are reading a textbook or report or other material for school, you may need to underline, take notes and read some parts over again. However, if you have developed the habit of reading for pleasure, you will find that the skills you need will come naturally, and that you will understand a lot better than before.
    小题1:In Paragraph 2, the author tells us the importance of _____.
    A．hearing people around as childrenB．talking ability as children
    C．contacting different peopleD．learning different languages
    小题2:Which sentence is best to be filled in the blank in the passage?
    A．Listen as much as possible.B．Try to use your imagination.
    C．Great works need to be read out loud.D．Listen first if you have trouble reading.
    小题3:It can be learned from the last paragraph that _____.
    A．you should find pleasure from reading a textbook
    B．the habit of reading for pleasure is important
    C．reading for school is helpful for reading for pleasure
    D．reading for school requires different skills from reading for pleasure
    小题4:What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?
    A．To tell us some ways to improve reading ability.
    B．To show that poor literacy has been a big problem.
    C．To teach us how to look for fun in reading.
    D．To tell us some ways to pick up new words and phrases.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Cities in Europe and around the world may be growing “bike trees” in the near future. Invented by Japan’s JFE Engineering Corp, the invention proved useful in the busiest parts of this nation’s crowded cities.
    Local governments of Japan have struggled for ways to encourage people to park their bikes considerably, particularly close to big stations, but that may block some roads and entrances to homes and businesses. “Our cities do not have a lot of space for any kind of parking, including bicycles.” said Mitsuharu Oshima, a spokesman for JFE Engineering. The bike tree comes in two types: one in a tower that is above ground and on the contrary, the other in an underground structure.
    A cyclist registers with the operator of the equipment, pays a monthly fee and pushes the wheels of his bicycle into restraints(管理处) at the base of the bike tree. Each bicycle is fitted with an electronic card with the owner’s details. A mechanical arm then pulls the bike into the base of the tower and moves it to a free location inside. To collect the bike later, the cyclist puts his card through a reader and his bike is automatically returned to him in seconds. “The science of the equipment has been difficult —— even though they may look quite simple —— because bikes come in many different shapes and sizes.” said Oshima.
    As well as clearing away the road, bicycles cannot be stolen from a bike tree. There are presently versions at seven sites in Japan and two others are under construction, while work is under way on an even larger version —— with room for 9400 bicycles —— in Thailand. And Oshima believes that the idea could catch on in Europe, particularly in countries such as France, Holland and Denmark , where cycling is so popular.
    小题1: Cities build this kind of “bike trees” so that they can _______.
    A．ask more people to ride bikesB．provide more jobs for people
    C．make more money than beforeD．save more room for people
    小题2:Which is the right order of the following things when you use the bike tree?
    ① the wheels of the bicycle are put into restraints at the base .
    ② the card is read and the bike is automatically returned .
    ③ an electronic card with the owner’s details is given
    ④ the bike is pulled and moved to a free location inside .
    A．③②①④B．③①④②C．②①④③D．②④③①
    小题3: What made it difficult to design “bike trees”?
    A．The location of “bike trees”.B．The method of finding enough bikes.
    C．The differences of the bikes.D．The importance of traffic safety
    小题4: From the passage, we can know that _______.
    A．countries with many cyclists in Europe will like the idea of “bike trees”
    B．there are seven “bike trees” used for holding bikes in Japan
    C．local government of Japan encourage people to ride bikes
    D．cyclists can use “bike trees” for free in Japan.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    The Future of Education
    David Kelly, founder of the Design School Stanford, said, “In the classroom of the future, education will be custom-made for each student. Every child will have a laptop programmed for his or her learning style and speed. At the same time, more students will go out into the community to learn from business owners. And you’ll see more retirees in the schools as teachers.”
    A New Way to Pay
    Turn your cell phone into a “mobile wallet” and speed through the checkout line. With a smart phone that uses the same technology as “tap and go” cards, you’ll be able to access your financial data fast. You can select a credit or debit card（借记卡）from the screen, and then tap the phone on the checkout console（操纵台；控制台）.
    High-Tech Guitar
    A 26-year-old Australian designer has invented a brand-new way to be a rock star. The Misa Digital Guitar’s fret board looks like a traditional six-string’s but with no strings attached. There’s a touch pad （垫）where the sound hole normally is, and instead of plucking strings,（弹弦） you tap, drag, or brush the pad to “play” the instrument electronically.
    The Future of Phones
    Jason Chen, editor of the website gizmodo.com, makes his prediction. “Data connections will get even faster, and you’ll be linked to your environment by cell phone. Fcr example, when you go on vacation, you can point your phone at a monument（纪念碑） and it will give you information about what you’re looking at.’
    Needle-Free Vaccines（无针接种）
    Boston University researchers are working on a new method of inoculation（接种）—no injection necessary. A mild electrical charge from a small device, shaped like a gun, is used to drive the particles（粒子） into the body. The new idea beats the old needle method.
    小题1:The passage mentions the following EXPECT        .
    A．paymentB．medicineC．educationD．music instrument
    小题2:What can we learn from the text?
    A．Even a man with no music knowledge can be a rock star in the future.
    B．Students should go out into the community to learn from business owners instead of staying at school to learn from books.
    C．We can carry no cash while shopping in the future.
    D．We can feel more pain with the method of inoculation.
    小题3:In which column can we read the passage?
    A．Entertainment.B．Production.
    C．Technology. D．Work.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    The other day at a supermarket, I saw a naughty child of about six crying loudly, falling to the floor and refusing to move. All the while the troubled mother was trying to persuade him to behave well but failed. A little smack(打)on his bottom would have worked ,I thought.
    Teenagers also cause discipline(纪律)problems. As a teacher I had a 16-year-old student who had fallen in love with a waiter at a fast-food restaurant. In fact, she had left home to stay with him. So we decided to put her in the school hostel .She refused. When she heard her mother begging her to stay in the school hostel, she turned around and said: “Why don’t you stay in the school hostel if you like it so much?”
    My hands were going to slap her for being so rude but the poor mother continued to cajole her , hoping the gentle persuasion would work wonders. It did not. Later I heard that she had run away from home again.
    The list goes on and on. Could it be that today’s parents are so softer and believe that they must not rod(棍棒惩罚)their children for fear of the bad results? Or do they really believe that the children will get rid of the bad habits and behave well as they grow older? I beg to disagree. I believe it is the parents’ duty to discipline the children even at a young age.
    My children who are now adults will prove the fact that I used the rod when I thought it necessary. Later when they went abroad, they told their university friends how they were disciplined. Their friends were shocked and said that I could be charged with child abuse. However ,my daughter showed great respect for me when she told them that she would not be where she was today if not for my strict discipline.
    小题1:According to the passage, the author would probably________.
    A．beat the children every dayB．treat the children in a soft way
    C．leave the children as they areD．punish the children when necessary
    小题2: The underlined word cajole” (in para.3)means_______.
    A．persuadeB．scoldC．forgiveD．punish
    小题3:In the author’s opinion, how should parents make their children grow up well?
    A．rod their childrenB．punish their children
    C．discipline their childrenD．discipline and punish their children if necessary
    小题4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
    A．The naughty boy’s mother hit him
    B．The teacher’s daughter lived with her mother
    C．The daughter was thankful for her mother’ strict discipline
    D．The author was charged with child abuse by the daughter’s friends

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Some of the planet’s most precious animals and plants are disappearing, according to the World Conservation Union (IUCN). The group, based in Switzerland, works with governments and experts to protect threatened species. On September 12, the IUCN released its Red List, a list of species at greatest risk of extinction.
    The list includes 41,415 animals and plants. The IUCN says that habitat destruction, hunting and other causes threaten one in four mammals, one in eight birds and one in three amphibians(两栖动物).
    Who is to blame?
    Scientists believe that 99 percent of threatened species are at risk because of human activity. “We are losing animals and plants at a high rate,” says Julia Marton-LefEevre, director general of the IUCN. “We need to change our behavior.” Warmer oceans and over-fishing are changing sea life. This year for the first time corals(珊瑚) made their appearance on the list. The gharial, a crocodile living in India and Nepal, has lost almost 60 percent of its population in the last 10 years. It is a victim（受害者）of habitat destruction.
    Still, the news is not all bad. Thanks to efforts made to protect it, the Mauritius echo parakeet, a bird once endangered, has seen an increase in its population. “This shows that protection methods can work,” says Marton-LefEevre. “That’s the message we want to send to young people.”
    In China the new reserve（保护区）itself is part of green efforts that have seen more than 2,400 nature reserves of various kinds being set up, covering more than 15 percent of the nation's land area, official figures showed.
    "The country's natural resources(资源) have benefited from conservation," said Lei Guangchun, director of the nature reserve department of Beijing Forestry University. "It is a big increase nowadays compared with other countries." Lei said.
    The total areas of China’s natural reserves have covered 1.38 million km2, which accounts for 15.4% of China’s area, higher than both the world average（平均水平） of 11% and the rate in most developed countries.
    Li Zhong, an official in charge of the nature reserves office with the State Forestry Administration, thought it was important to increase investment（投资） in such reserves at all levels.
    小题1:What do we know about the IUCN?
    A．A union for listing animals and plants on the earth
    B．A group of volunteers who are interested in wildlife
    C．An organization concerning the protection of rare species' survival
    D．A government made up officials, scientists and experts
    小题2: What can be concluded from the passage?  
    A．All the protection methods can’t work.
    B．The IUCN does most of the protection.
    C．The efforts China makes has paid off.
    D．Enough is done in wildlife protection.
    小题3:Which of the following is not the cause of the disappearance of the animals?
    A．Bad weatherB．Over-hunting C．Warmer oceansD．Habitat destruction
    小题4:Which of the sentence is NOT true?
    A．China has been paying great attention to protecting the natural resources.
    B．China has set up a lot of natural reserves.
    C．The natural reserves in China cover more than 15 percent of the nation's land area.
    D．The rate of China's natural reserves is lower than the average of the world.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    Humpback whales
    Humpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean. This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive. The name “humpback”, which is the common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whale’s back forms as it dives.
    Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement, known as a breach. During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap. A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach.
    A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head. It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water.
    The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the body length, and unique black, and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes. These markings are like fingerprints: no two are the same.
    Humpback whales live in large groups. They communicate with each other through complex “songs”.
    		Quick Facts
    Size:
    		14m~18m in length
    30~50 tons in weight
    Living environment:
    		Open ocean and shallow coastline waters
    Migration:
    		From warm tropical (热带的) waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eat.
    Diet:
    		Shellfish, plants and fish of small size
    Hunting:
    		Sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a “net” around a school of fish. The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.
    Current state:
    		Endangered: it is estimated that there are about 5000~7000 humpback whales worldwide.
     
    小题1:According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale ______.
    A．cannot survive in waters near the shore
    B．doesn’t live in the same waters all the time
    C．lives mainly on underwater plants
    D．prefers to work alone when hunting food
    小题2:To make a breach, a humpback whale must ______.
    A．use its tail flukes to leap out of the water
    B．twist its body sideways to jump high.
    C．blow two streams of water
    D．communicate with a group of humpbacks.
    小题3:From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale ______.
    A．has its unique markings on it tail flukes
    B．has black and white fingerprints
    C．gets its name from the way it hunts
    D．is a great performer due to its songs

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