Question

【题目】请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

Communication Principles

How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate.“Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he（or she）is the center”.Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them.But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication.A student.for instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my teacher doesn’t like the fact that I don’t agree with his opinions.and that’s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class.”The teacher might say the opposite.Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person’s view is wrong.

The concept of serf originates in communication.Through verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to accept roles in response to the expectations of others.You establish self-image。The sort of person you believe you are，by how others think of you.Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are.Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process.Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people.In a more obvious way.communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share.So，the communication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by the self.

Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life.If you are not communicating with yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you），you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior.Even if the other person did not intend a message for you.you gather observations and draw specific conclusions.A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message.A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you.A third person smiles（perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently） and you believe that he is attracted to you.We are continually picking up meanings from others’ behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them.

More often than not，you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you did not mean that. You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement.You may have made a joke out of your rude statement.Nonetheless，your comment remains both in the mind of the other person and in your own mind.You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others.Communication cannot be reversed（倒退），nor can it be repeated.When you tried to re—create the atmosphere，the conversation，and the setting，nothing seemed right.Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results.

Paragraph outline	Supporting Details
Communication begins with the self	●People are somewhat products of others’ treatment and messages. ●we are always 【1】 in communication with others.
Communication 【2】 others	●Experiences of others help children learn to accept roles. ●Messages from others help you【3】 who you are. ●Needs and【4】 of others should be considered.
Communication 【5】 everywhere	●We are communicating with ourselves by thinking，planning and reacting to the outside world. ●We are always【6】other people by observing even if they do not intend any message for you. ●We are constantly collecting meanings from others’ 【7】 . ●We are constantly【8】 meanings by what we do.
Communication cannot be reversed nor repeated	●You may explain what you have done，but you cannot【9】 what remains in the other person’s mind. ●Yon may redo the conversation，but you【10】 achieve the same results.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】self-centred/subjective

【2】involves

【3】determine/define/know/understand

【4】expectations/hopes/desires/wishes

【5】occurs/happens/exists/arises

【6】reading/understanding/knowing

【7】behaviors/acts/action（s）/activities

【8】conveying/expressing

【9】erase/remove/delete/change

【10】can't/cannot

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。你如何看待自己会对你的沟通方式产生很大的影响。许多传播学学者和社会科学家认为，人是他人对待他们的方式和他人发送给他们的信息的产物。每个人都可能认为自己是正确的，而其他人的观点是错误的。文章就此主要介绍了一些沟通的重要原则。

【1】根据第一段Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person's view is wrong可知，每个人都可能相信他自己是正确的，别人的看法是错误的，我们在和其他人的交流中总是以自我为中心的/个体主观的。self-centered以自我为中心的；subjective主观的。故正确答案是：self-centred/subjective。

【2】根据第二段Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people.In a more obvious way.communication involves others in the sense...可知，我们的交际理解来自于我们和别人的互动。即：牵涉到别人。故正确答案是：involves。

【3】根据第二段Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are可知，你从别人那里收到的正面、负面和中性的信息都在确定你是谁中起作用。determine（决定）；define定义，明确；know知道；understand理解，明白；这三个词也能使句子通顺，句意不变，故正确答案是：determine/define/know/understand。

【4】根据第二段倒数第二句communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share可知，沟通以一种更加明显的方式将其他人考虑进去，有能力的沟通者在选择需要共享的信息时会考虑其他人需要什么。expect的名词expectations（期望）；hopes希望；desires欲望；wishes希望，愿望；这三个词是expectations的同义词，也可以使句意通顺，故正确答案是：expectations/hopes/desires/wishes。

【5】根据第三段Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life可知，你几乎一分钟也离不开沟通。occurs（发生）；happens发生；exists存在；arises出现；这三个词也使得句子通顺，故正确答案是：occurs/happens/exists/arises。

【6】根据三段if you are not communicating with yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you），you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior可知，如果你没有跟你自己沟通（想，计划，对周围的事物进行反应），那么你也会在观察他人，并从他们的行为中推断一些事情。be always doing总是做某事，故正确答案是：reading/understanding/knowing。

【7】根据第三段you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior可知，那么你也会在观察他人，并从他们的行为中推断一些事情。behaviors行为；acts行为，行动；action(s)行动，可数或不可数名词；activities活动。故正确答案是：behaviors/acts/action（s）/activities。

【8】根据第三段We are continually picking up meanings from others' behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them可知，我们不断地从别人的行为中获得信息，同时我们的行为也一直向别人提供有沟通价值的信息。convey传达；express表达；be always doing总是做......，固定词组，故正确答案是：conveying/expressing。

【9】根据第四段You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others．可知，但是你回不到你说错话或做错事之前并将你传达给他人的信息擦掉了。erase抹去，擦除；remove除去；delete删除；change改变。故正确答案是：erase/remove/delete/change。

【10】根据第四段Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results可知，你会发现重建背景后虽然还是刚才那些人，可是结果却大不一样了。故正确答案是：can't/cannot。