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科目:高中英语 来源:高中英语复习题 题型:050
We speak of the balance of nature. Biologists talk about biotic pyramids and the web of life. Both are referring to the same phenomenon or existing fact : the many complex ( 复杂的)relationships among organisms and their environment or surroundings.
The pyramid is the biologist’s attempt and try to sketch and describe the energy relationships in nature. You could call it a catalogue or describing record of who eats whom. The land forms the base of the pyramid, and upon it rests a layer or covering or a thickness of plants. Insects such as ants and worms, and herbivores or plant-eating animals, then birds and rodents such as rats and mice, and finally, at the top of the pyramid, the large carnivores or flesh-eating animals, and predatory birds which hunt and eat other animals. Organisms at each level of the pyramid exist by eating those in the layers below, and so are dependent for their survival on the existence of the members of the lower layers.
From the base of the pyramid to the top, populations of organisms decrease. There are always, for example, fewer hawks than gophers, a kind of rats, their prey, and always fewer insects than the plants they eat. But most species of organisms exist on more than one kind of food;each organism forms only one link or ring in a chain of energy transfer or change. These pathways by which energy is cycled through organisms are called food chains. The relationships between organisms form a complex network through which energy from the soil is passed into living things and then, through death and decay or rotting, is returned to the soil. Some energy is always lost in the process or course, and is continually replaced or take the place of by energy from the air and sun through plants, during the process of photosynthesis. But in spite of these gains and losses, the total system does not change much unless interfered with, by man or if man is not in the way. This system is the web of life, a tangle of' food chains, so complicated that we do not yet understand all its workings.
But man's interference has changed many of the relationships. For example, the food chain formed by the soil, bunch-grass, deer, and cougar has been changed to the chain: soil, alfalfa, cow, farmer. Will such changes have serious effects or influence upon the existence of other organisms forming part of the web? If so, what will these effects be, and will they be good or bad? Can we change the web of life without losing something of value in the process? These are some of the questions which the ecologist tries to answer.
Our understanding of the energy relationships in nature is still very limited, but what we have learned so far tells us clearly that when we change the web of life, we run the risk of or we are in danger of losing something which cannot be replaced.
The following story is a true one, and is happening in British Columbia today. It is a dramatic illustration of the energy relationships between organisms, and of the effect man’s intervention has had on the web of life.
1.What is the passage mainly about?
A.Organisms and life.
B.Energy and the balance of nature.
C.A catalogue of who eats whom.
D.Biotic pyramids, webs of life and food chains.
2.The word organisms refers to .
A.life B. energy C. attempt D. relationships
3.A grasshopper is .
A.an insect B. a herbivore C. a rodent D. a carnivore
4.Vegetation is .
A.birds B. animals C. plants D. organisms
5.Look at the picture below. How many food chains can you find in it?
A.2 . B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
6.The _____is a rodent like a ______.
A.weasel, frog B. grasshopper, rabbit C. frog, rat D. rabbit, mouse
7.If we change the picture of the passage into a pyramid, the _____ is at the top, the ____ at the second layer and the ______ is at the 3rd layer while _____are at the base.
A.hawk, weasel, mouse, plants
B.hawk, grasshopper, rabbit, mice
C.grasshopper , weasel, rabbit , plants
D.hawk, plants, grasshopper, rabbits
8.The population of grasshoppers is always _____ that of frogs.
A.smaller than B. greater than C. the same as D. different from
9.According to the passage, which of the following sayings is true?
A.Food chains are a death and decay process.
B.Photosynthesis is an energy losing process.
C.Each kind of living thing eats only one kind of food.
D.Most kinds of living thing live on more than one kind of organism.
10.What is the passage following this passage most probably about? It is about ______.
A.British Columbia
B.a dramatic illustration
C.man’s influence on the web of life in a certain place
D.the energy relationships between organisms and man’s influence on the web of life
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科目:高中英语 来源:必修一导学英语译林 译林版 题型:054
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科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:阅读理解
Once there lived a rich woman well-known in high society for her kindness, who had a maid that was devoted and hardworking. One day, out of curiosity, the maid decided to 36 her mistress(主人)to find out whether she was really good by nature.
The following day, the maid got up from her bed quite late at around afternoon time and the mistress 37 her for being late. The next day, the maid 38 the late rising and this time, the mistress became particularly 39 and hit the maid with a stick thus hurting her.
This 40 spread around the neighborhood and the rich woman 41 not only her reputation(名声)but also a devoted maid.
42 , it’s also reflected in modern 43 . People are kind and modest when their surroundings are 44 and satisfactory. However, when conditions change for the worse, they’ll become 45 and filled with anger. Anger is often an ugly and destructive mood that mankind 46 from in our daily lives. It’s a bad mood 47 within us, waiting for the chance to take control of our life. Uncontrolled anger can cause us a great deal of emotional and physical 48 and we must learn to 49 it.
A good 50 to control anger is to act as if the undesirable thoughts don’t exist in our 51 . By using our willpower, we focus our minds on positive things and 52 remove the negative thought. It’s difficult to react 53 to someone who hurt us, 54 our physical isn’t harmed. But the test of character is how we 55 situations in our daily lives. Remember this, darkness cannot be removed by darkness but by brightness. In the same way, anger cannot be removed by anger but by loving kindness.
36. A. phone B. join C. test D. visit
37. A. hated B. blamed C. charged D. dismissed(解雇)
38. A. changed B. proved C. improved D. repeated
39. A. angry B. smart C. quiet D. painful
40. A. advice B. knowledge C. progress D. news
41. A. lost B. earned C. helped D. fought
42. A. Afterwards B. However C. Similarly D. Hopefully
43. A. class B. society C. home D. history
44. A. strange B. sure C. good D. ready
45. A. impatient B. inactive C. unlucky D. unknown
46. A. escapes B. recovers C. learns D. suffers
47. A. disappearing B. hiding C. happening D. growing
48. A. harm B. energy C. stress D. balance
49. A. accept B. break C. control D. organize
50. A. cause B. case C. base D. way
51. A. chat B. mind C. choice D. job
52. A. anyhow B. yet C. therefore D. again
53. A. slowly B. peacefully C. officially D. differently
54. A. in case B. as if C. now that D. even though
55. A. handle B. manage C. view D. preserve
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科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:阅读理解
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Once there lived a rich woman well-known in high society for her kindness, who had a maid that was devoted and hardworking. One day, out of curiosity, the maid decided to 36 her mistress(主人)to find out whether she was really good by nature.
The following day, the maid got up from her bed quite late at around afternoon time and the mistress 37 her for being late. The next day, the maid 38 the late rising and this time, the mistress became particularly 39 and hit the maid with a stick thus hurting her.
This 40 spread around the neighborhood and the rich woman 41 not only her reputation(名声)but also a devoted maid.
42 , it’s also reflected in modern 43 . People are kind and modest when their surroundings are 44 and satisfactory. However, when conditions change for the worse, they’ll become 45 and filled with anger. Anger is often an ugly and destructive mood that mankind 46 from in our daily lives. It’s a bad mood 47 within us, waiting for the chance to take control of our life. Uncontrolled anger can cause us a great deal of emotional and physical 48 and we must learn to 49 it.
A good 50 to control anger is to act as if the undesirable thoughts don’t exist in our 51 . By using our willpower, we focus our minds on positive things and 52 remove the negative thought. It’s difficult to react 53 to someone who hurt us, 54 our physical isn’t harmed. But the test of character is how we 55 situations in our daily lives. Remember this, darkness cannot be removed by darkness but by brightness. In the same way, anger cannot be removed by anger but by loving kindness.
36. A. phone B. join C. test D. visit
37. A. hated B. blamed C. charged D. dismissed(解雇)
38. A. changed B. proved C. improved D. repeated
39. A. angry B. smart C. quiet D. painful
40. A. advice B. knowledge C. progress D. news
41. A. lost B. earned C. helped D. fought
42. A. Afterwards B. However C. Similarly D. Hopefully
43. A. class B. society C. home D. history
44. A. strange B. sure C. good D. ready
45. A. impatient B. inactive C. unlucky D. unknown
46. A. escapes B. recovers C. learns D. suffers
47. A. disappearing B. hiding C. happening D. growing
48. A. harm B. energy C. stress D. balance
49. A. accept B. break C. control D. organize
50. A. cause B. case C. base D. way
51. A. chat B. mind C. choice D. job
52. A. anyhow B. yet C. therefore D. again
53. A. slowly B. peacefully C. officially D. differently
54. A. in case B. as if C. now that D. even though
55. A. handle B. manage C. view D. preserve
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科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:阅读理解
When my son unexpectedly volunteered for the Marines(美国海军陆战队), I was busy writing my novels and giving little thought to the men and women in the army .
My son John Schaeffer, recently came home 1 from the Middle East. He slowly appeared from a broken car. John 2 all night from a base near Washington, 3 he had landed the day before. He did not want me to 4 him there. “I need time to myself,” my son said 5 calling from Kuwait on the way home.
I gave my wife a head start. Mother 6 son. “I was so worried,” Genie said. She pulled away to look up again and again to 7 he was really there.
My wife gave me a great gift: 8 alone with my boy. John was tired and lay 9 on his bed. I lay down next to him and was grasping his hand the whole time. I just wanted to be certain that the nightmares I’d had about John being killed were 10 .
I kept holding my son, the way I 11 when he was two and came into our bed after a 12 dream. I asked John if he’d rather sleep than talk, and he said there would be time for 13 later.
With the 14 over, under and around me came incredible tiredness. I slept with his voice dying away. It was the first good 15 I’d had in months. I woke and John was asleep next to me. Sitting by his bed watching him breathe, I found myself praying and 16 for all the fathers, mothers, sons, daughters, husbands and wives of those who were not coming home. For the first time in my life, I was weeping for 17 .
Before my son went to war I would never have shed tears for them. My son 18 me. He taught me that our men and women in uniform are not the “ 19 ”. They are our sons, daughters, brothers and sisters. Sometimes shedding tears for strangers is a holy 20 . Sometimes it’s all we can do.
1. A. angry B. excited C. frightened D. alive
2. A. drove B. was driving C. had driven D.would have driven
3. A. where B. when C. which D. who
4. A. meet B. congratulate C. permit D. accept
5. A. once B. when C. unless D. since
6. A. abandoned B. patted C. concluded D. embraced
7. A. make sure B. set down C. get across D. make sense
8. A. period B. chance C. time D. moment
9. A. expanded B. stretched C. extending D. spreading
10. A. facts B. truth C. proofs D. lies
11. A. used to B. ought to C. should D. must
12. A. happy B. cheerful C. scary D. dull
13. A. advice B. discussion C. talk D. sleep
14. A. chat B. worries C. meeting D. curiosity
15. A. conversation B. observation C. sleep D. difficulty
16. A. crying B. cursing C. screaming D. regretting
17. A. friends B. neighbors C. strangers D. soldiers
18. A. persuaded B. changed C. frightened D. accused
19. A. another B. other C. others D. one
20. A. function B. adventure C. shame D. duty
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