Renaissance is a French word. It means “rebirth”. It’s a strange name for a period of history. What was exactly “ reborn” during the Renaissance?
To answer this question, we need to look back at the time of the Roman Empire. At this time Roman artists, scientists and writers influenced by Greek ideas were the world’s most advanced. They had become skilled observers of the natural world around them, and had become experts in studying animals, plants, the human body or the stars and planets. They wrote down their ideas about what they saw, and based their theories about the world on their observations.
During the fourth and fifth centuries the Roman Empire slowly broke down. Many of the Romans’ art and sculptures were destroyed and some manuscripts（原稿）were lost as well. But most importantly, some of the ancient attitudes were lost. A questioning approach to the world was replaced by an unquestioning one.
Why did this happen? One reason was to do with the influence of the Christian Church. Through the thousand years following the fall of the Roman Empire, the Church controlled many aspects of life including education and learning. The Church ran all the universities and thought that the aim of a university should be to teach old ideas more clearly, not to introduce new ones. The scholars in the universities were expected to study God and heaven from the Bible and ancient books, rather than the world around them.
Take medicine for example. The main textbook for doctors had been written by a Greek doctor called Galen more than a thousand years earlier. But when Roger Bacon, a thirteenth-century priest（牧师）, said that a new approach to medicine was needed --- doctors should do their own original research instead of reading writers from the past such as Galen-the Church put him in prison.
By the time of the fourteenth century, however, some parts of the Christian Church were becoming less strict about their ideas and there was a new state of mind among artists, doctors and scientist. People wanted to find out more about the world by studying it. This attitude of investigation had been common in classical scholars, and it was ‘reborn’ during the Renaissance.
1.We know from the text that scientists at the time of the Roman Empire believed in_______.
A. their companions’ observations
B. what they saw with their own eyes
C. what they learned from the Greeks
D. the most advanced theories at that time
2.We can infer that students in the Church controlled universities might_________.
A. have good memories
B. change their beliefs
C. be lacking in creativity
D. be interested in astronomy
3.Roger Bacon was put in prison because he_________.
A. gave up being a priest
B. showed no respect for Galen
C. did some research secretly
D. challenged the Church
4.The text probably comes from a book about_________.
A. medicine B. education C. religion D. history
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冲刺100分单元优化练考卷系列答案科目：高中英语 来源：2016-2017学年江西上高县二中高一上期第三次月考英语卷（解析版） 题型：语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new football competition，Man V Fat， 1. (organize)recently in England．2.(judge)from the name, it is easy to guess that players can only join if they are fat. They can only win when they score or lose 3. (pound) after each game．So，the main purpose of this competition is 4. (get) fat men to do regular exercise．
Jay Ali，a bank manager，found it a great idea．He said，“I don’t want to go to weight loss classes in 5. almost all members are women．And I don’t want to play football with my friends who are all 6. (fat)than me，so this gives me the perfect chance to exercise with guys who are the same 7. me．Here，no one judges8. (I )，so I don’t have to get embarrassed ”．Mr．Shanahan from Staffordshire shared the same opinion，“I took part in the competition after getting fed up with weight loss classes which were 9. (main) filled with women．”
It seems that this football competition has offered fat men 10. effective way to lose weight．
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科目：高中英语 来源：2014-2015学年内蒙古高一上第二次月考英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
The journey two divers made some time ago to the deepest point on the earth makes us realize how much of the world still remains to be studied. The two men went down seven miles to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean inside a small steel ball to find out if there are any ocean currents(水流) or signs of life.
It was necessary to set out early, so that the ball would come to the surface in daylight, and be easily found by the mother ship which would be waiting for it. The divers began preparations early in the morning and soon afterwards, when all was ready, the steel ball disappeared under the surface of the water.
The divers felt as if they were going down steps as they passed through warm and cold layers (层) of water. In time the temperature dropped to the freezing point. They kept in touch with the mother ship by telephone telling how they felt. Then, at a depth of 3,000 feet, the telephone stopped working and they were quite cut off from the outside world. All went well until some four hours later at 30,000 feet, the men were frightened by a loud, cracking noise. Even the smallest hole in the ball would have meant instant death. Luckily, though, it was only one of the outer windows that had broken. Soon afterwards, the ball touched the soft ocean floor raising a big cloud of "dust" made up of small dead sea creatures. Here, powerful lights lit up the dark water and the men were surprised to see fish swimming just above them quite untroubled by the great water pressure. But they did not dare to leave the lights on for long, as the heat from them made the water boil. Quite unexpectedly, the telephone began working again and the faint but clear voices of the divers were heard on the mother ship seven miles away. After a stay of thirty minutes the men began their journey up, arriving three hours later, cold and wet through, but none was worse for their experience.
1.The purpose of the divers' journey to the deepest point on the earth was to find _______.
A. if there are water currents, and life in the great depths
B. if people can stand the severe cold in the great depths
C. if there are steps in the great depths
D. if the telephone works well in the great depths
2.The divers set out early in the morning so that .
A. they could avoid the cold at night
B. they could see at the bottom of the ocean
C. they could return to the surface during the day
D. they could stay long at the bottom
3.As the divers went down to the ocean floor, the telephone .
A. kept working all the time
B. stopped working at a depth of 3,000 feet and began working again when they returned to the same depth
C. stopped working at a depth of 3,000 feet and began working again at 30,000 feet
D. stopped working at a depth of 3,000 feet and began working again after they reached the bottom
4.On the ocean floor, the divers found that .
A. there was no life but some small dead sea creatures
B. fish were swimming as freely as they do near the surface
C. fish were not swimming freely in the dark water
D. fish were not swimming freely under the high water pressure
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016-2017学年湖南长沙一中高一上第三次月考英语卷（解析版） 题型：完形填空
I used to abandon myself to despair. Last year my mother ______from stroke(中风)and had an operation on her brain. I felt my whole world turn upside down and I had no_____ what I could do to help her to reliever her______ . Tears welled up in my eyes whenever I was alone.
Last month I_____ a precious watch, which was an 18-year-old birthday gift from my father. I could not fall asleep for a couple of nights because I felt ______about the loss.
There have been many_______like these in my life. I could never figure out how to deal with such tough things _____I read “If You Have a Lemon, Make a Lemonade" by American writer Dale Carnegie.
“When the wise man is handed a lemon, he says, What _____can I get from this? How can I _____my situation? How can I turn this lemon into a lemonade?” he wrote.
I suddenly______that life is full of ups and downs, so I need to stay _____all the time.
Now when I think of my past, I wish I could have handled things ______. When my mother was fighting for _____, I should have held her hands in mine, telling her things would get better instead of ______and crying.
Several weeks ago, I took part in a campus singing competition. I didn't______a prize. If I had not______this article, I would definitely have felt _____again. But instead, I smiled after the competition. I was happy that at least I had got some stage______.
Life is not just a bed of roses. There are thorns（刺）as well, but these thorns help us become _____and strong. When life_______us a lemon, let's try to make a lemonade.
1.A. resulted B. suffered C. survived D. escaped
2.A. hope B. wonder C. idea D. doubt
3.A. pain B. anxiety C. fear D. pressure
4.A. received B. sold C. fixed D. lost
5.A. unbelievable B. shameful C. angry D. terrible
6.A. diseases B. memories C. incidents D. difficulties
7.A. when B. until C. though D. since
8.A. lesson B. lemonade C. decision D. challenge
9.A. control B. accept C. improve D. avoid
10.A. realized B. thought C. discovered D. predicted
11.A. healthy B. independent C. serious D. positive
12.A. exactly B. differently C. easily D. practically
13.A. recovery B. life C. freedom D. happiness
14.A. shouting B. hiding C. quarreling D. regretting
15.A. expect B. miss C. win D. refuse
16.A. figured out B. written down C. found out D. come across
17.A. embarrassed B. discouraged C. excited D. concerned
18.A. performance B. experience C. progress D. effect
19.A. brave B. calm C. great D. clever
20.A. shows B. makes C. gives D. sends
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016-2017学年江西南昌二中高二上第二次考试英语卷（解析版） 题型：短文改错
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两赴，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均限一词。
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Apart from my mother, I’ve been very lucky to having had two teachers who have been fundamental influences in my life. The first was my first piano teacher. She really got me interesting in the piano and made a huge impression in me at a very early age. She helped me to learn the basic techniques and develop understanding of the instrument. Then, when I was 16, I start studying with my second inspirational teachers. He made me much more confident and encouraged me to enter for competitions even when I felt certain and unconfident about doing this. He had enormous faith in us, and it was this, more than anything else, which inspired me to make music my career.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016-2017学年江西南昌二中高一上第二次考试英语卷（解析版） 题型：短文改错
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（
），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（
）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I happen to meet some American tourists at the gate of the Summer Palace last week. I greeted them with English and then we began to chat. I got to know that they were college student travelling in China. Most of us were fond of Chinese medicine. They were busy take pictures and were surprising at the changes that had taken place in the past few years. After that, we went boat and had a good time. We were exchanged our e-mail addresses so that we could write to each other in the future. They thanked me again and again . I was gladly to have a chance to practice my oral English. What wonderful experience it was!
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016-2017学年江西南昌二中高一上第二次考试英语卷（解析版） 题型：完形填空
A boy was walking home from school when he saw a large, tempting（诱人的）apple on one of the branches of an apple tree hanging out over a tall fence. The boy wasn’t much of a fruit-eater, a bar of chocolate if given the choice. , as the saying goes, the forbidden fruit can be tempting. Seeing the apple, the boy wanted it. The more he looked at it, the he felt and the more he wanted that apple.
as high as he could , but even as his tallest height he was _ to touch it. He began to up and down , as high as he could, at the top of each jump stretching his to get the apple . Still it remained out of .
Not giving up , he thought , if only he had something to on . His school bag wouldn’t give enough height and he didn’t want to the things inside , like his lunch box , pencil case , and Gameboy . Looking , he hoped he might find an old box , a rock , or , enough, a ladder , but it was a tidy neighborhood and there was nothing he could use .
He had tried everything he could think to do. seeing any other choices , he gave up and started to walk . At first he felt angry and disappointed thinking about how hungry he had become from his , and how he really wanted that apple . The more he like this , the more unhappy he became.
However, the boy of our story was a pretty smart guy, he couldn’t always get what get he wanted .He started to say to himself, “This isn’t , I don’t have the apple and I’m feeling miserable as well. There’s more I can do to get the apple--that is unchangeable-but we are supposed to be able to our feelings. If that’s the case, what can I do to feel better?”
1.A. preferring B. offering C. receiving D. allowing[
2.A. So B. Then C. However D. Or
3.A. sadder B. angrier C. hungrier D. tastier
4.A. hanging B. stretching C. standing D. pulling
5.A. unable B. unwilling C. careful D. glad
6.A. jump B. look C. walk D. glance
7.A. feet B. arms C. head D. legs
8.A hope B. hand C. sight D. reach
9.A. put B. stand C. get D. hold
10.A. break B. shake C. take D. strike
11.A. up B. forward C. down D. around
12.A. unluckily B. carefully C. luckily D. carelessly
13.A. After B. Through C .Without D. Upon
14.A. back B. away C. up D. down
15.A. wishes B. beliefs C. efforts D goals
16.A. thought B. imagined C. tried D. claimed
17.A. even if B. as if C. only if D. if only
18.A. skillful B. cheerful C. harmful D. helpful
19.A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
20.A. change B. express C. forget D. describe
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届甘肃兰州一中高三12月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco，California is one of the world's most beautiful bridges. It is also one of the most visited places in the world. Vehicles cross the bridge an average of 41 million times each year. More than 1800 hundred million vehicles have used the bridge since it opened more than 70 years ago.
The bridge was painted “International Orange” because that color went well with the natural surroundings. The color also is easier to see in the heavy fog that often covers the area. But the Golden Gate Bridge was not named for its orange color. It was named for the body of water that it crosses，the Golden Gate Strait.
The Golden Gate Strait is the entrance to the San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean. The Golden Gate Bridge links the city of San Francisco with Marin County，California. Planning for the bridge began in the 1920s when the area around San Francisco was growing. People living in the area needed another way to get to the city besides small ferries(渡船)．
Joseph Strauss was the chief engineer for the project. Work began in 1934. Mr.Strauss demanded the strongest safety protections in the history of bridge building. These included the first use of “hard hats” to protect the workers' heads and special glasses to protect their eyes.
A special safety net was suspended(挂) under the bridge. This net saved the lives of 19 men during the construction. However，11 other workers were killed when they fell from the bridge through the net. Still, this was a new safety record for the time.
The Golden Gate Bridge opened in 1937.It extends 1,280 meters across the water. The total length is 2,737 meters. It was the largest suspension bridge(吊桥) in the world until 1964. That is when the Verrazano Narrows Bridge opened in New York City. Today，the Golden Gate Bridge is the ninth longest suspension bridge in the world.
1.The Golden Gate Bridge was named after ________.
A．the local climate
B．the color of a paint
C．the strait it crosses
D．its natural surroundings
2.The purpose of suspending a special safety net is to ________.
A．protect the environment
B．make construction easier
C．prevent workers from falling
D．save building materials from falling
3.What do we know about Joseph Strauss?
A．He attached importance to the workers' safety.
B．His safety measures were not of practical value.
C．He built the first suspension bridge in the world.
D．He demanded strong measures to ensure the safety of the bridge.
4.The passage is written to ________.
A．invite readers to San Francisco
B．introduce the Golden Gate Bridge
C．describe how the Golden Gate Bridge was built
D．tell the story of an engineer called Joseph Strauss
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016-2017学年山东济南历城区二中高二上期周练英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Long-time exposure to air pollution can lead to physical changes in the brain and cause trouble in learning and memory, and even anxiety. This is suggested by the results of new research on mice.
While other studies have shown the harmful effects of polluted air in the lungs and heart, this is the first to show the negative effect on the brain.
The team of Laura Fonken, Randy Nelson, from the Ohio State University, USA, has spread to the brain a previous line of research which found that fine particulate (微粒) matter floating in the air mainly because of air pollution caused by humans, causes swelling in much of the body, and may be related to high blood pressure problems, and some other diseases.
In the research Fonken and his colleagues exposed mice to polluted air for six hours each day, five days a week, over a period of 10 months, almost half the average life length of mice.
Polluted air contains fine particles created by cars, factories and natural dust. Fine particles of this kind are tiny, about 2.5 micrometers in diameter, or about one-thirtieth the width of a human hair. These particles can go deep into lungs and other organs.
The concentration of this particulate material to which they exposed mice is equal to the concentration at which people can be exposed in some polluted urban areas.
After a period of 10 months, the researchers got the animals to have a series of behavioral tests. Both the behavior of mice and the results of neurological(神经的) tests done to them show that those within the polluted air had more problems in learning and memory, and higher levels of anxiety.
The results suggest that long-time exposure to polluted air can have measurable negative effects on the human brain and can cause a variety of mental health problems. This could have important consequences for those living and working in polluted urban areas.
1.The results of new research on mice first suggest that polluted air mainly does harm to ________.
A. normal organsB. lungs and heart
C. mental healthD. blood pressure
2.The bad effects of tiny particles in polluted air are those except ________.
A. high blood pressure problems
B. making human hair thinner
C. different kinds of diseases
D. swelling in much of the body
3.From the last sentence we can infer that people living in polluted urban areas ________.
A. are likely to suffer from mental problems
B. can measure the negative effect on them
C. show little concern for air pollution
D. can be exposed to polluted air longer
4.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Long-time Exposure to Air Pollution
B. Evidence and Concern of Air Pollution
C. Measurable Effect on Human Brain
D. Mental Problems Caused by Air Pollution
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