An alcohol breath test (ABT) is often used by the police to find out whether a person is drunk while driving.In the United States，the legal blood alcohol limit is 0.08% for people aged 21 years or older，while people under 21 are not allowed to drive a car with any level of alcohol in their body.A “positive” test result，a result over the legal limit，allows the police to arrest the driver.However，many people who tested positive on the test have claimed that they only drank a “nonalcoholic” energy drink.Can one of these energy drinks really cause someone to test positive on an ABT？Researchers in Missouri set up an experiment to find out.
First，the amount of alcohol in 27 different popular energy drinks was measured.All but one had an alcohol level greater than 0.005%.In nine of the 27 drinks，the alcohol level was at least 0.096%.The scientists then investigated the possibility that these small levels of alcohol could be discovered by an ABT.They asked test subjects to drink a full can or bottle of an energy drink and then gave each subject an ABT one minute and 15 minutes after the drink was finished.
For 11 of the 27 energy drinks，the ABT did find the presence of alcohol if the test was given within one minute after the drink was taken.However，alcohol could not be discovered for any of the drinks if the test was given 15 minutes after the drink was consumed.This shows that when the test is taken plays an important role in the test result.The sooner the test is conducted after the consumption of these drinks，the more likely a positive alcohol reading will be obtained.
【小题1】What is the legal alcohol level for a 20yearold driver in the US?
| A．0.000%. | B．0.005%. |
| C．0.080%. | D．0.096%. |
| A．To introduce a new method of calculating blood alcohol levels. |
| B．To discover the relation between energy drinks and ABT test results. |
| C．To warn people of the dangers of drinking energy drinks. |
| D．To change the current legal alcohol limit for drivers in the United States. |
| A．the things that are being discussed |
| B．areas of knowledge studied in school |
| C．the participants in an experiment |
| D．the people who belong to a country |
| A．The age of the person who takes the test. |
| B．The place where the test is given. |
| C．The equipment that the test uses. |
| D．The time when the test is taken. |
| A．A driver whose blood alcohol level is found to be 0.1% will be arrested. |
| B．No energy drinks really cause anyone to test positive on an ABT. |
| C．Few popular energy drinks contain alcohol in them. |
| D．Those taking an ABT 15 minutes after drinking alcohol cannot be found out. |
【小题1】C
【小题2】A
【小题3】C
【小题4】C
【小题5】D
解析语篇解读 本文是一篇科研报告。主要研究了能量饮料和测试血液中酒精浓度之间的关系。
【小题1】解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“In the United States，the legal blood alcohol limit is 0.08% for people aged 21 years or older，while people under 21 are not allowed to drive a car with any level of alcohol in their body.”可知，答案A符合文意。
答案： A
【小题2】解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段倒数第二句：“Can one of these energy drinks really cause someone to test positive on an ABT？Researchers in Missouri set up an experiment to find out.”可知，答案B符合文意。
答案： B
【小题3】解析： 词义猜测题。根据语境可知，文章中画线句子的意思是：他们要求参加测试的实验者喝下一满听或一瓶能量饮料，然后在一分钟和十五分钟后对其ABT进行测试。由此可推知，此处的subject是指参与实验的人。
答案： C
【小题4】解析： 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“the test was given within one minute...15 minutes...This shows that when the test is taken plays an important role in the test result.The sooner the test is conducted after the consumption of these drinks，the more likely a positive alcohol reading will be obtained.”可知，在饮用功能性饮料多久之后进行测试会影响测试效果。
答案： D
【小题5】解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，合法的血液酒精浓度最高值应该是0.08%，如果超过这个浓度，司机就会被警察逮捕。由此可推知，答案A符合文意。
答案： A
阅读快车系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
The evolution of the first animals may have oxygenated（供氧）Earth's oceans. New research
led by the University of Exeter challenges the long held belief that oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans was a precondition for the evolution of complex life forms.
The study, published in the journal Nature Geoscience, builds on the recent work of scientists in Denmark who found that sponges（海绵动物）一the first animals to evolve一require only small amounts of oxygen.
Professor Tim Lenton of the University of Exeter, who led the new study, said: "We argue that the evolution of the first animals could have played a key role in the widespread oxygenation of the deep oceans. This in turn may have facilitated the evolution of more complex, mobile animals."
Critical to determining oxygen levels in the deep ocean is the balance of oxygen supply and demand. Demand for oxygen is created by the sinking of dead organic material into the deep ocean. The new study argues that the first animals reduced this supply of organic matter一both directly and indirectly.
Sponges feed by pumping water through their bodies, "digesting" the tiny particles of organic matter, and thus helping oxygenate the shelf seas that they live in. By oxygenating more of the bottom waters, the first animals actually increased the removal of the essential nutrient phosphorus（磷）in the ocean. This in turn reduced the productivity of the whole ocean ecosystem, lowering oxygen demand and thus oxygenating the deep ocean.
A more oxygen-rich ocean created ideal conditions for more complex mobile animals to evolve, because they have a higher requirement for oxygen. These included the first predatory（肉食的）animals with guts（内脏）that started to eat one another, marking the beginning of the type of food webs we are familiar with today.
Professor Simon Poulton of the University of Leeds, who is a co-author of the study, added: "This study provides a possible mechanism for ocean oxygenation without the requirement for a rise in atmospheric oxygen. It therefore questions whether the long-standing belief that there was a major rise in atmospheric oxygen at this time is correct. We simply don't know the answer to this at present, which is ultimately key to understanding how our planet evolved to its current habitable state. Geochemists need to come up with new ways to explain oxygen levels on the early Earth."
【小题1】The underlined word "facilitated" in Para. 3 is closest in meaning to＿＿．
| A．prevented | B．promoted | C．interrupted | D．witnessed |
| A．phosphorus can keep the productivity of the ocean ecosystem |
| B．complex animals consume the same amount of oxygen as sponges |
| C．the sinking of dead organic material into the deep ocean produces oxygen |
| D．the existence of the first animals marks the beginning of modern food webs |
| A．their study gives a new explanation for the high oxygen content in the air |
| B．oxygen increased greatly in the air as the first animals oxygenated the oceans |
| C．their study answers the question of how the earth evolved to the present state |
| D．ocean oxygenation does not necessarily require a rise in atmospheric oxygen |
| A．present the view that the first animals played an active role in oxygenating oceans |
| B．introduce two opposite opinions on how the first animals oxygenated oceans |
| C．analyze how atmospheric oxygen stepped up the evolution of oceanic animals |
| D．explain how oceanic oxygen determines the amount of atmospheric oxygen |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
The Cave of Lascaux
It was Thursday, September 12,1940.Four French teens were out exploring in the woods off the northern slopes of the Pyrenees.Many years before, an old pine tree fell and left a large hole in the ground.The teenagers were curious and they started to explore the area and fell into one of the most important archeological(考古的) finds of the twentieth century!
There are over a hundred limestone(灰岩) caves in this region of France.Some were inhabited by humans thousands and thousands of years ago.Between 15,000 and 17,000 years ago, humans painted lively creatures such as cows, bulls, horses, and even cats on the walls of the caves.
Why did they mark these walls? Was it to tell a story? Was it to record a famous battle? There are many mysteries and ancient secrets still waiting to be discovered in the cave of Lascaux.There were dots in many of the paintings.What do these dots mean? Were they meant to record time, a calendar? Deep in the cave, there is a drawing of a “birdman”．What does this mean? Was it a place for sacred ceremonies? No one knows for sure.
The actual cave of Lascaux was closed in 1963 due to the overabundance of tourists visiting the site.The carbon dioxide that people were breathing out was causing damage to the fragile(易损的) cave paintings.Up till now the Lascaux cave is still closed for tourists.Only a specialist can visit the cave by a special order that must be made out almost a year in advance.Not more than six persons can enter the cave per day.Two days a week, the cave is completely closed.Due to the great interest of numerous tourists, in 1983 Lascaux Ⅱwas opened for tourism.It is an exact replica of the cave of Lascaux.
【小题1】The Pyrenees are the __________ in France.
| A．mountains | B．forests |
| C．rivers | D．caves |
| A．built | B．explored | C．lived in | D．destroyed |
| A．old | B．beautiful |
| C．easily damaged | D．interesting |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops(笔记本电脑).
Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility(清晰度).But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.
Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes "mindlessly" by taking down word for word what the professors said
In the first experiment, students were given either a laptop or pen and paper .They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk , they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.
The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand. However, the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.
The researchers' report said, "While more notes are beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears."
In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory, students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture. This time, the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.
These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.
【小题1】More and more students favor laptops for note-taking because they can .
| A．write more notes | B．digest concepts better |
| C．get higher scores | D．understand lectures better |
| A．skillful | B．mindless |
| C．thoughtful | D．tireless |
| A．examine the importance of long-term memory |
| B．stress the benefit of taking notes by hand |
| C．explain the process of taking notes |
| D．promote the use of laptops |
| A．a newspaper advertisement | B．a computer textbook |
| C．a science magazine | D．a finance report |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Urban citizens(市民)can enjoy a more colorful life than rural citizens.Townspeople are wellinformed because they have the easier access to news，while country people are uniformed because these districts are hard to get to.Urban traffic is so welldeveloped that the residents there often visit exhibitions and parks which are only a short bus ride away. For country people this is a major operation which involves considerable planning.Shopping，a necessary activity in everyday life is more convenient in the city than in the countryside. Townspeople can buy what they want at any time of a day.But rural residents go to town at most once a week.So after shopping they always stagger home loaded with heavy purchases. As for as meals and clothes concerned，townspeople are wellfed and welldressed as there is an adequate(足够的)supply of goods.But rural residents are too busy to pay particular attention to them.It is for these reasons that more and more people are moving into the city and looking for a rest there.
On the contrary，some people are attracted by the rural area.Air pollution，noise and overcrowding which are the biggest problems confronting townspeople seem strange for rural residents.Medical studies have proved that rural residents can live longer than urban residents, because they are free from a polluted environment. In addition，the crime rate in the city is several times higher than in the countryside.As is known to all，the life in any city is much more expensive than in the countryside.So the safe, quiet and cheap life in the country appeals to(对……有吸引力)many city residents.
Either an urban or a rural area gives pleasure and trouble.But，I believe，the suburban area has the excellencies(优点)of both and is superior to both.As the automobile industry develops，more and more people will make their homes in suburban areas.
【小题1】When visiting an exhibition in town，country people have to ________.
| A．listen to local news | B．take a bus |
| C．make a careful plan | D．ask friends for help |
| A．communication，traffic and shopping |
| B．traffic，shopping and diet |
| C．education，living conditions and housing |
| D．traffic，medicine and shopping |
| A．they live far away from town |
| B．they live a poorer life |
| C．they are busy with their work |
| D．they don't like to dress up |
| A．common | B．unfamiliar |
| C．wellknown | D．unimportant |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Password (密码) strength has been a topic about the Internet lately. I have seen lots of clever methods for generating and remembering strong passwords. Some are better than others, but in my opinion, none are adequate. Here's the problem: It doesn't matter how strong your passwords are if you use the same one on multiple sites. All it takes is for a site to get hacked(侵入), like Gawker media, or even Sony did, and now your superstrong password has been stolen, and every site on which you used that password has been accessed.
So, the bottom line is that no matter how strong your passwords are, and no matter what clever tricks you use to help you remember them, if you surf internet often, the only truly secure password system is what you need.
Enter LastPass. It's not the only password manager out there, but I like it the best. You create ONE strong password that you have to memorize and use it to access your LastPass database. The LastPass database is stored online, on LastPass's servers. LastPass recognizes the site you're on and automatically logs you in (after, optionally, asking you to reenter your master password). LastPass also has automatic form fill and automatic password generation. This means that you can have a different, unique, very strong password for every site you log into, but you only have to remember one master password. It's the best of both worlds.
One argument against LastPass is that if their database is attacked, then all of your sites are in danger, and that's true, but given that their entire line of work is keeping that information safe, I'm willing to take that chance. The alternative is rolling dice(掷骰子) or picking phrases to create passwords, writing all of them down on a piece of paper or something, and then having to manually type them in when I go to a site. A terrible mess.
There is a free version of LastPass, with some additional features unlocked if you pay a $12 a year subscription.
Joshua Bardwell
【小题1】The writer thinks using the same password everywhere is ________.
| A．dangerous | B．convenient |
| C．appropriate | D．adequate |
| A．all passwords used |
| B．the last password |
| C．unique password each time |
| D．the master password only |
| A．they have better ways to create password |
| B．they think rolling dice is more convenient |
| C．they have no faith in Lastpass database's safety |
| D．Gawker media and Lastpass were hacked once |
| A．share his experience |
| B．introduce a product of good quality |
| C．advertise his product |
| D．teach how to use a new product |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Different Kinds of Birds
Avocets
There are 4 different species of Avocet found around the world-Pied Avocet , Red-necked Avocet, Andean Avocet, and American Avocet. This bird is found in North and South America, Europe, and even Australia. This long-legged bird has webbed feet and an upturned, thin bill.
Bald Eagles
The bald eagle is found in wetlands and near coastlines. They have very large and broad wings, with a broad tail. The head and tail are white in color, which is the major distinguishable factor of the bald eagle. The long, hooked bill is yellow in color. They feed on fish, ducks, rabbits, geese, etc.
Eastern Bluebirds
These are around 61／2 inches in length .Such birds are found mainly in gardens woodlands, and orchards with the arrival of spring. Male Eastern Bluebirds are bright blue on the upper half and have a white belly. Female Eastern Bluebirds have a grayish head with shades of blue as well. New York and Missouri have named this creature as their state bird.
Flamingos
These pink-bodied birds with a unique beak, are generally found in large groups. The beaks are capable of removing mud before they can eat their food. Flamingos can be found in many African countries, areas of Florida, and one particular type of species is found only in the Andean highlands.
Kingfishers
There are over 90 various species of Kingfishers found in the woodland areas as well as wetlands across the world. They are excellent divers when it comes to catching fish in the rivers. Their pointed bills are what help them bag the catch. Kingfishers have good eyesight whether they are in air or underwater.
【小题1】____ most probably mean the same.
| A．Bill and beak | B．Head and beak | C．Bill and belly | D．Leg and feet |
| A．Eastern Bluebirds are all blue in color. |
| B．Avocets can be found around the world. |
| C．The white head and tail make Bald Eagles distinguishable. |
| D．More Kingfishers can be found in wetlands than in the woodland areas. |
| A．Bald Eagles |
| B．Female Eastern Bluebirds |
| C．Andean Avocets |
| D．one special type of Flamingos |
| A．habitats | B．shapes | C．ability to catch fish | D．eyesight in air or under water |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
If you want to help children develop language and speech skills, UCLA researchers say, listening to what they have to say is just as important as talking to them. 
The effect of a conversation between a child and an adult is about six times as great as the effect of adult speech input(输入)alone, the researchers found. “Adults speaking to children helps language develop, but what matters much more is the interaction, ”said the study’s lead author, Frederick Zimmerman, an associate professor in the School of Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles. The researchers also found that TV viewing didn’t have much of an effect—positively or negatively—as long as it wasn’t displacing conversations between an adult and a child.
The UCLA study included 275 families with children between 2 months and 48 months old. They represented a variety of incomes and education. The researchers found that, in an average day, children heard about 13, 000 spoken words from adults and participated in about 400 adult-child conversations a day.
Assessed separately, factors positively associated with language development included each additional 100 conversations a day and each 1, 000 words increase in the number of words spoken by adults and heard by children. When looked at alone, TV was negatively associated with language development. But, when these three factors were analyzed together, the only one that stood out was conversation between adults and children.
“The more a child speaks and interacts with an adult, the better idea a parent has about where the child is”, Zimmerman said. “Although it’s mostly done unconsciously, parents will provide feedback and correct mistakes. They’ll also tailor their speech to the child. Parents can give the children words by talking to them about what they’re doing, such as, ‘I’m putting on your pajamas now’. But give your child the opportunity to talk, hopefully without the rest of the noise in the environment, ”she added. “If parents can carve out some conversation time—maybe at bath time or at dinner time—that’s a wonderful thing. ”
【小题1】 The researchers also found that TV viewing .
| A．could have a positive effect on a child’s language development |
| B．had a little effect on a child’s language development |
| C．affected a child’s language development more negatively than positively |
| D．affected a child’s language development both negatively and positively |
| A．parents should let their children talk most of the time |
| B．children should watch TV programs selectively |
| C．the conversation between parents and children should be two-way |
| D．it’s no good for parents to correct their children’s mistakes when they are speaking |
| A．parents should let a child repeat what he or she says |
| B．bath time or dinner time is the best chance for parents to talk to a child |
| C．parent-child conversation can be carried out at any proper time |
| D．parents should leave a child talking alone |
| A．Talk with kids, not at them |
| B．Let your children voice their own opinions |
| C．How to develop a child’s language ability |
| D．The importance of early child language development |
| A．control | B．improve |
| C．pass | D．adjust |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Can software bring dead tongues back to life? Probably yes.
A computer algorithm（计算程序）works almost as well as a trained linguist（语言学家） in reconstructing how dead "protolanguages" would have sounded, says a new study.
"Our computer system is doing a basic job right now," says Alex Bouchard-Côté, an assistant professor in the department of statistics at the University of British Columbia and lead author of the paper describing the algorithm. But the program does a good enough job that it may be able to give linguists a head start, the statistician added.
For centuries, scholars have reconstructed languages by hand: looking at the same word in two or more languages and making educated guesses about what that word's "ancestor" may have sounded like. For example, the Spanish word for man （"hombre"） and the French word for man （"homme"） developed from the Latin word "homo." The way linguists compare words from descendant（后代）languages to reconstruct the parent language is called, appropriately, the comparative method.
The early 19th-century linguist Franz Bopp was the first to compare Greek, Latin and Sanskrit using this method. Jacob Grimm, one of the Brothers Grimm of fairy tale fame, used the comparative method to show how Germanic languages developed from a common ancestor.
The difference between that and Bouchard-Côté's program, the statistician says, "is we do it on a larger scale." As a proof of concept, Bouchard-Côté fed words from 637 Austronesian languages （spoken in Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia and more） into the new algorithm, and the system came up with a list of what the ancestor words of all those languages would have sounded like. In more than 85 percent of cases, the automated reconstruction came within one character of the ancestor word commonly accepted as true by linguists.
The algorithm won't replace trained human linguists, but could speed up language analysis.
Using a computer to do large-scale reconstruction offers another advantage. Bouchard-Côté says, “With big data sets, you can really start finding regularities … You might find that certain sounds are more likely to change than others."
So Bouchard-Côté's team tested the "functional load hypothesis（假设）," which says that sounds that are more important for two clearly different words are less likely to change over time. A formal test of this hypothesis in 1967 looked at four languages; Bouchard-Côté's algorithm looked at 637.
"The revealed pattern would not be obvious if we had not been able to reconstruct large numbers of protolanguages," Bouchard-Côté and his coauthors write in the new study.
In addition to simply helping linguists understand how people spoke in the past, studying ancient languages can perhaps answer historical questions. For example, Bouchard-Côté says, "Say people are interested in finding out when Europe was settled. If you can figure out if the language of the settling population had a word for wheel, then you can get some idea of the order in which things occurred, because you would have some records that show you when the wheel was invented.”
【小题1】The underline word “protolanguages” in the first paragraph probably refers to __________.
| A．the languages that couldn’t be reconstructed by hand |
| B．parent languages that existed in the past |
| C．languages developed from a common ancestor |
| D．languages used to explain things that occurred in the past |
| A．is commonly accepted as false |
| B．dates back to the 19th century |
| C．focuses on European languages |
| D．is conducted using the comparative method |
| A．arouse people’s interest in when Europe was settled |
| B．allow us to find answers to some historical questions |
| C．enable us to picture the way linguists communicated |
| D．help figure out how the wheel was invented |
| A．will bring every dead language back to life |
| B．can take the place of linguists in language analysis |
| C．is of great help to promote language analysis with big data sets |
| D．can merely reconstruct Asian-Pacific “protolanguages” |
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