Question

8．Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war？War is an ancient custom which has existed for at least six thousand years．It was always evil and usually foolish，but in the past the human race managed to live with it．Modern skill has changed this．Either man will stop war or war will stop man．For the present，it is nuclear weapons that cause the greatest danger，but bacteriological（细菌）or chemical weapons may，before long，offer an even greater threat．If we succeeded in stopping war，there would be no danger for us．To do this，we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way，not as contests Of force，in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in massacre（大屠杀），but by arbitration（仲裁）in accordance with agreed principles of law．It is not easy to change age-old mental habits，but this is what must be attempted．
There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology（意识形态）would prevent，war．I believe this to be a complete error．All ideologies are based upon beliefs without proof which are，at best，doubtful，and at worst，totally false．Those people who believe in them are willing to go to war in support of them．
The movement of world opinion during the past two years has been very largely such as we can welcome．It has become a common belief that nuclear war must be avoided．Of course，very difficult problems remain in the international world，but the spirit in which they are being dealt with is a better one than it was some years ago．It has begun to be thought，even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die，that agreements should be reached even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory．It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between East and West，but between Man and the H-bomb．
51．From the first paragraph we．can know thatA．
A．we may face greater threat from weapons
B．bacteriological or chemical weapons are less dangerous than nuclear weapons
C．man's idea of victory has changed
D．dangerous weapons are forbidden in modem society
52．According to the author，C．
A．it is impossible to live without war
B．the difference between East and West will lead to war
C．war must be stopped if man wants to survive
D．war will be stopped by modern skill
53．The author believes that the only way to stop war is toB．
A．stop nuclear weapons
B．settle international problems through agreements
C．destroy bacteriological-and chemical weapons
D．let the stronger side take over the world
54．The last paragraph suggests thatD．
A．nuclear war will surely not take place
B．real agreements have now been reached
C．world opinion is still divided on nuclear war
D．man is beginning to realize that nuclear war is his greatest enemy
55．Which of the following can best describe the author's feeling？B
A．Disappointed．B．Hopeful．C．Doubtful．D．Worried．

Answer 1

分析 本文主要讲述了"战争能被废除吗？"这一话题．有没有可能说服人类放弃战争而生存？战争是一种古老的制度，至少已经存在了六千年．战争总是邪恶的，且通常是荒谬的，但在过去人类还是努力地与之共存．现代人的智慧已经改变了这一切．要么人类废除战争，要么战争毁掉人类．现在引发极度危险的是核武器，但不久后生物或化学武器会带来更严重的威胁．如果成功销毁核武器，我们的工作还未完成．直到我们成功地废除了战争，这一任务才算完成．为了废除战争，我们需要说服人类用新的方式看待国际问题，不是将其视为武力的竞赛，赢家是最擅长屠杀的一方，而是依照大家约定的法则来仲裁解决．改变古老的思维习惯不易，但这是必须要尝试的． 有些人认为采用这种或那种意识形态会防止战争的发生．我认为这是个严重的错误．所有的意识形态都是以武断的主张为基础的，往好里说，这些意识形态令人生疑，往坏里说，是完全错误的．追随者对其如此狂热的信奉，以至于为了支持它们而愿意去发动战争．

解答 51．A 细节理解题．根据文章第一段的"For the present，it is nuclear weapons that cause the greatest danger，but bacteriological（细菌）or chemical weapons may，before long，offer an even greater threat．现在引发极度危险的是核武器，但不久后生物或化学武器会带来更严重的威胁．"可知：我们可能会面临更大的武器威胁；故答案选A．
52．C 细节理解题．根据文章第一段的"If we succeeded in stopping war，there would be no danger for us．如果我们成功地停止战争，就不会有危险．"可知：如果人类要生存，战争必须停止；故答案选C．
53．B  细节理解题．根据文章第一段的"To do this，we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way，not as contests Of force，in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in massacre（大屠杀），but by arbitration（仲裁）in accordance with agreed principles of law．为了废除战争，我们需要说服人类用新的方式看待国际问题，不是将其视为武力的竞赛，赢家是最擅长屠杀的一方，而是依照大家约定的法则来仲裁解决"可知作者认为，要避免战争人们必须抛弃用战争来解决争端的传统观念，通过协商来解决问题．故答案选B．
54．D 推理判断题．根据文章的最后一句"It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between East and West，but between Man and the H-bomb．"可知：人类现在认识到，目前最大的冲突并非来自于东西方，而是在人与氢弹的威胁．故答案选D．
55．B 推理判断题．从文章最后一段看，人们解决争端的思维模式已经发生了转变，不是靠武力，而是通过协商，因此作者对人类未来避免战争还是充满了希望；故答案选B．

点评 政治类文章多采用记叙文形式，我们可采取"顺读法"，以便抓关键语句，领会文章主旨；而经济类文章则多采用说明文形式，我们则可以采取"逆读法"，先读试题，再从文章中查找有用信息．