The World Health Organization says there has been a sharp increase in the number of over-weight children in developing countries. In African countries, the WHO says the number of over-weight or obese children is twice as high as it was 20 years ago. Around the world, about 43 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2013.
Overweight and obese children are more likely to become overweight and obese adults. The condition can generate serious health problems like heart diseases.
Francesco Branca is the director of the WHO Department of Nutrition for Health and Development. He says urban lifestyle makes people eat processed food more often ,which has a high sugar ,fat and salt content. He also says people are gaining weight because of their lack of activities. They travel in cars or other vehicles more than on foot.
The WHO experts say to lower obesity rates is especially complex in countries that also deal with high rates of infectious(感染性的) diseases.
The WHO has some basic solutions for individuals and countries. The organization says you should lower your intake of fat, sugar, salt and processed food and eat more fruits,' vegetables and increase physical activity. The WHO says these actions are especially important for children.
And WHO expert Branca says mothers should breastfeed their babies for at least the first six months of life, if possible. More importantly, governments should consider providing vitamins for children and educational campaigns about problems linked to obesity would also help. In his view, government policies should deal with how food is marketed to children and food producers must balance quality and taste with the dangers of sugar, fat and salt. "Reducing the number of overweight children will not be easy. The goal is difficult to meet even in wealthy countries. " he adds.
【小题1】What is the main idea of Paragraph l?
| A．Children in developing countries generally weigh too much. |
| B．Overweight children in developing countries have increased greatly. |
| C．The number of overweight children in the world has doubled. |
| D．The World Health Organization has increased greatly. |
| A．lifestyles | B．transportation |
| C．physical condition | D．school educational . |
| A．cure | B．prevent | C．worsen | D．cause |
| A．Poor nutrition is often related to children obesity. |
| B．To lower infectious disease rates is more complex than to lower obesity rates. |
| C．Eating less sugar and more vegetables helps lower obesity rates. |
| D．Increasing physical activity is most effective to lower obesity rates. |
| A．Babies breastfed aren't likely to become overweight. |
| B．Governments should play a necessary role in fighting obesity. |
| C．Food producers should be stopped from marketing, food to children. |
| D．The number of overweight children decreases easily in wealthy countries. |
【小题1】B
【小题2】A
【小题3】D
【小题4】C
【小题5】B
解析试题分析：文章介绍在发展中国家过度肥胖的孩子的数量在增加，这会使他们在以后的生活中导致很多问题，文章提出了导致这些问题的原因和解决这样问题的措施。
【小题1】段落大意题：从第一段的句子：The World Health Organization says there has been a sharp increase in the number of over-weight children in developing countries.可知这段讲的是在发展中国家过度肥胖的孩子的数量在增加。选B
【小题2】细节题：从文章第三段的句子: Francesco Branca is the director of the WHO Department of Nutrition for Health and Development. He says urban lifestyle makes people eat processed food more often ,which has a high sugar ,fat and salt content. 可知根据Branca所说，人们变胖是因为生活方式的改变，选 A
【小题3】猜词题：从第二段的句子：The condition can generate serious health problems like heart diseases.
这种情况会导致严重的象心脏病这样的问题，可知generate是导致的意思，选D
【小题4】细节题：从文章第五段的句子: The organization says you should lower your intake of fat, sugar, salt and processed food and eat more fruits,' vegetables and increase physical activity. The WHO says these actions are especially important for children.可知根据WHO所说，少吃糖多吃蔬菜可以有助于降低肥胖的几率，选C
【小题5】细节题：从最后一段的句子：More importantly, governments should consider providing vitamins for children and educational campaigns about problems linked to obesity would also help. In his view, government policies should deal with how food is marketed to children and food producers must balance quality and taste with the dangers of sugar,可知政府应该在对抗肥胖方面起到必要的作用，选B
考点：考查健康保健类短文
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Enjoy free re-admission for a year if you buy your ticket directly from us. Tickets purchased directly from the Royal Collection can be transformed into a 1-Year Pass, giving 12 months’ free admission to Windsor Castle. This pass is valid for a year from the date of your first visit.
How do I transform my ticket into a 1-Year Pass?
1. Before you leave the site, please sign and print your name in the spaces provided on the back of your ticket.
2. Hand the ticket to a member of staff, who will stamp and validate(使…生效) it.
3. Keep your ticket for future visits.
Your ticket will only be accepted for re-admission if it has been stamped on the day of your first visit.
Subsequent(随后的) visits
To gain admission on subsequent visits, your signed and stamped original ticket (now your 1-Year Pass) must be produced on arrival at the ticket counter. You will also be required to provide proof(证据) of signature, such as a passport, driving licence, or credit card. You will then be given a gift ticket for admission on that day. Children under the age of 18 are not required to show proof of signature.
Alternatively, to guarantee admission you may pre-book your subsequent visits by telephoning the Ticket Sales and Information Office, +44 (0)20 7766 7334. A booking fee applies. Pre-booked tickets will not be posted to you, but can be collected from the ticket counter on the day of your visit on production of your signed and stamped 1-Year Pass and proof of signature.
The benefits of the 1-Year Pass are not transferable, and your ticket may not under any circumstances be given to another person or re-sold. Any attempted use of the ticket by another party to gain admission automatically cause the ticket invalid.
Free re-admission is always subject to ticket availability and may be unavailable on up to 5 days each year when the site is open to the public. It is not possible to use your 1-Year Pass when the site is closed. Before planning a visit please see the Visit Pages on www.royalcollection.org.uk to check if any dates are excluded and to confirm admission details.
Dates when 1-Year Pass free re-admission is unavailable in 2012:
Saturday 7 April 2012
Sunday 8 April 2012
Monday 9 April 2012
Monday 7 May 2012
Monday 4 June 2012
Please note that gift tickets and tickets booked through a tour operator or ticket agent cannot be transformed into a 1-Year Pass.
Ticket Sales and Information Office
Official Residences of The Queen
London SW1A 1AA
www.royalcollection.org.uk
Telephone +44 (0)20 7766 7334
【小题1】Which of the following tickets can be transformed into a 1-Year Pass?
| A．gift tickets |
| B．tickets bought from Royal Collection |
| C．tickets booked from a tour operator |
| D．tickets bought from an agent |
| A．get your ticket stamped | B．sign your name |
| C．buy a ticket | D．show your proof of signature |
| A．9 April 2012 | B．4 June 2012 |
| C．10 March 2013 | D．15 April 2013 |
| A．you need to pay some money |
| B．you can ask your friend to lend you his 1-Year Pass |
| C．you can have your gift ticket delivered to you |
| D．you need to show your passport and credit card on your arrival |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
What do former American president Bill Clinton and rock musician Pete Townshend have in common.'? Both men have hearing damage from exposure(暴露，接触) to loud music, and both now wear hearing aids（助听器） as a result. As a teenager, Clinton played saxophone in a band. Townshend, who has the more severe hearing loss, was a guitarist for a band called the Who. He is one of the first rock musicians to call the public's attention to the problem of hearing loss from exposure to loud music.
Temporary（暂时） hearing loss can happen after only 15 minutes of listening to loud music. One early warning sign is when your ears begin to feel warm while you listen to music at a rock concert or through headphones. One later is that an unusual sound or a ringing is sometimes produced in your head after the concert.
"What happens is that the hair cells in the inner ear are damaged, but they're not dead," says physician and ear specialist Dr. Sam Levine. According to Dr. Levine, if you avoid further exposure to loud noise, it's possible to recondition the cells（细胞） somewhat. However, he adds, "Eventually, over a long period of time, hair cells are permanently damaged." And this is no small problem.
What sound level is dangerous? According to Dr. Levine, regular exposure to noise above 85 decibels (分贝) is considered dangerous. The chart below offers a comparison of decibel levels to certain sounds. Here's another measurement you can use. If you're at a rock concert and the music is so loud that you have to shout to make yourself heard, you' re at risk for hearing loss. That's when wearing protective devices such as earplugs becomes critical.
The facts are pretty frightening. But are rock bands turning down the volume.'? Most aren't. "Rock music is supposed to be loud," says drummer Andrew Sather."I wouldn't have it any other way. And neither would the real fans of rock. "
Continued exposure to loud music and the failure to wear earplugs can lead to deafness, according to Dr. Levine. He states, "There's no cure for hearing loss. Your ears are trying to tell you something. That ringing is the scream of your hair cells dying. Each time that happens, more and more damage is done. "
| Levels of Common Noises Normal conversation 50 — 65 dB Food blender 88 dB Jet plane flying above a person standing outside 103 dB Rock band during a concert 110 — 140 dB |
| A．loud music is a major cause of hearing loss |
| B．famous people may have hearing problems |
| C．teenagers should stay away from school bands |
| D．the problem of hearing damage is widely known |
| A．not to be seen | B．to fill with sound |
| C．to become larger in size | D．to make good again |
| A．a list of harmful sounds |
| B．the effect of rock concerts |
| C．the noise levels of sounds |
| D．relationship between daily activities and hearing loss |
| A．When your ears feel warm, your hair cells are dead. |
| B．Drummer Andrew Sather gives good advice. |
| C．Many are at the risk of losing hearing. |
| D．Doctors know how to deal with hearing loss. |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Bad teeth can be painful and even be deadly. Infections of the gums(牙龈) and teeth can release bacteria into the blood system. Those bacteria can increase the chance of a heart attack or stroke and worsen the effects of other diseases. And adults are not the only ones at risk. For example, a 12yearold boy died when a tooth infection spread to his brain in 2007 in Washington. Experts said it might have been prevented had he received the dental care he needed.
Experts say good dental care starts at birth. Breast milk, they say, is the best food for the healthy development of teeth. Breast milk can help slow bacterial growth and acid production in the mouth. But dentists say a baby's gums and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding by using a cloth with a little warm water. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give only water.
When baby teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently. The use of fluoride(氟化物) to protect teeth is common in many parts of the world. For example, it is often added to drinking water supplies. The fluoride mixes with enamel(釉质), the hard surface on teeth, to help prevent holes from forming.
But young children often swallow toothpaste when they brush their teeth. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry notes that swallowing fluoridated toothpaste can cause problems. So young children should be carefully watched when they brush their teeth. And only a small amount of fluoridated toothpaste, the size of a pea, should be used.
Parents often wonder what effect finger sucking might have on their baby's teeth. Dental experts generally agree that this is fine early in life. Most children stop sucking their fingers by the age of four. If it continues, experts advise parents to talk to their children's dentists or doctors. Because it could interfere_with the correct development of permanent teeth.
Dentists say children should have their first dental visit at least by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear—usually at around six months.
【小题1】According to the passage，what is the function of fluoride?
| A．Making the surface on teeth much cleaner. |
| B．Protecting gums from being infected. |
| C．Keeping holes on teeth from forming. |
| D．Slowing down bacterial growth and acid production. |
| A．do harm to | B．account for |
| C．contribute to | D．stand for |
| A．To warn us of the deadly infections of gums and teeth. |
| B．To introduce the advantages of fluoridated toothpaste. |
| C．To draw our attention to the dental care of young children. |
| D．To present the research results about dental care. |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
The weather is getting hotter. You are thirsty playing basketball or riding home from school. A cold drink may be just the thing. But be careful what you are drinking. Something that looks cool may not be good for your health. There are plenty of “energy drinks” on the market. Most of them have beautiful colors and cool names. The lists on them tell you they are helpful to your health. Sounds great!
But after a careful check you may find that most energy drinks have lots of caffeine(咖啡碱)in them. These drinks are especially aimed at young people, students, busy people and sports players. Makers sometimes say their drinks make you better at sports and can keep you awake. But be careful not to drink too much. Caffeine makes your heart beat fast. Because of this, the International Olympic Committee(IOC) has limited(限制) its use. Caffeine in most energy drinks is at least as strong as that in a cup of coffee or tea. Possible health dangers have something to do with energy drinks. Just one box of energy drink can make you nervous, have difficulty sleeping and can even cause heart problems. Scientists say that teenagers should be discouraged from taking drinks with a lot of caffeine in them.
【小题1】Many people like drinking energy drinks because of the following EXCEPT that ______.
| A．they have beautiful colors and cool names |
| B．they have lots of caffeine |
| C．they can keep them awake and better at sports |
| D．they are said to be helpful to health |
| A．encouraged | B．stopped | C．helped | D．disliked |
| A．advertisements are important in getting people to buy energy drinks |
| B．energy drinks are helpful to teenagers’ study |
| C．sports players need to drink a lot of energy drinks |
| D．energy drinks are especially aimed at teenagers |
| A．What’s the Use of Energy Drinks? |
| B．Who Can Drink Energy Drinks? |
| C．What’s that in Energy Drinks? |
| D．Why Can’t We Buy Energy Drinks? |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Country-dwellers(农村居民) often say the constant noise, heavy traffic and crowds of the city would drive them mad. Well, they might be right, according to the latest research. City residents are more likely to develop mental illnesses than those who live in villages, a study has found.
Researchers from Cardiff university examined the lifestyles of more than 200,000 people in Sweden and found that those who lived in urban areas were more at risk from mental illnesses than people who lived in villages.
The experts don’t know exactly why this is but they suggest that town and city residents are more likely to be ostracized(排挤) by those around them. They are more likely to experience discrimination(歧视) if they do not fit in, which can lead to them feeling anxious and even developing mental illnesses.
Dr Stanley Zammit, who led the research said that people living in towns and cities are more likely to develop other mental illnesses that result in personality changes — a condition known as non-affective psychosis(非情感性精神病).
Earlier this year an official report found that village-dwellers live an average of two years longer than those living in towns and cities. According to figures from the Office of National Statistics in the UK, men who live in villages are likely to live for between 78 and 79 years, while those in towns and cities can expect to survive to an age of 76. Women on average survive to their 81st birthday in towns and cities, but live to between 82 and 83 in villages. The small marked town of Wimborne Minster in rural Dorset was named the healthiest place to live in.
【小题1】What is the passage mainly about?
| A．Country-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses. |
| B．City-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses. |
| C．Country-dwellers live longer than city-dwellers. |
| D．City-dwellers live longer than country-dwellers. |
| A．interests. | B．characters. | C．occupations. | D．lifestyles. |
| A．people like living in towns and cities |
| B．city-dwellers enjoy their peaceful city life |
| C．village-dwellers are more likely to be looked down upon by others |
| D．village-dwellers get along better with their neighbors than city-dwellers. |
| A．character change | B．temperature rise |
| C．pressure increase | D．energy weakening |
| A．women living in villages live the longest |
| B．women living in cities live the longest |
| C．men living in villages live the longest |
| D．men living in cities live the longest. |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Imagine you are doing this reading in this text on the computer; what else are you doing? Maybe you’re eating a sandwich or drinking a cup of Starbucks. Should you eat while reading?
There aren’t many believable numbers, but we do know the number of people who eat while sitting in front of some type of screen is growing. A recent study found that 33 percent of families always have the TV on during meal times and another 27 percent people have it on at least half the time. Another 10 percent may be texting, emailing or talking on a cell phone while eating.
Any type of these behaviors is bad, considering the following evidence:
A Canadian study found that children who watch more than three hours of cartoons a day are 50 percent more likely to be fat than children who watch fewer than two hours. The researchers concluded that more than 60 percent of overweight incidents can be connected with screen watching too much.
A three-week study found that adults who usually play with smartphones less burned 119 more calories per day.
One Chicago researcher found that people eat more potato chips while reading online than when they have the laptop turned off.
There has been very little investigation(调查) into eating with your eyes staring at a screen or reading a book, but it is likely that his mindless eating is related to weight gain. Simply speaking, your brain has no idea what is going on with your mouth because it is occupied by other things. You don’t notice how full your stomach is, and you often don’t even notice the taste or the act of chewing and swallowing, as a result of which, developing an adapted dietary habit is a must.
【小题1】The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with ________.
| A．stories and explanations | B．examples and investigations |
| C．an argument and evidence | D．facts and descriptions |
| A．Being focused while eating is a good way to have a good figure. |
| B．Adults’ weight is not affected by their eating habits. |
| C．There exist many investigations into eating while reading. |
| D．This text must be found on a website. |
| A．How Should You Lose Weight? |
| B．Should You Do Other Things While Eating? |
| C．Healthy and Unhealthy Eating Habits |
| D．TV and Eating |
| A．Express healthy eating ways. |
| B．Give more useful investigations into eating. |
| C．Describe the study about the old who watch less TV while eating. |
| D．Tell the proper ways to watch TV. |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Putting in water fountains (饮水器) at schools, and teaching children about the health benefits of water, could reduce their risk of getting extra pounds, reports a new study that is published in the latest issue of the journal Pediatrics.
The findings are based on a survey in 32 elementary schools of two German cities, Dortmund and Essen. The researchers, led by Rebecca Muckelbauer, a nutritionist(营养学家) at the Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund, weighed about 3,000 children, and asked them about their beverage consumption(饮料消费量).
At the beginning of the school year, the experts had water fountains added to 17 of the schools. The scientists also worked with teachers to carry out educational programs that promote the benefits of drinking water. In contrast to schools in the United States, there are very few schools in Germany that have water fountains.
At the beginning of the study, there were no big differences in the number of overweight children in the different groups. But by the end of the school year, children in the schools with water fountains were 31 per cent less likely to gain extra pounds, compared to kids who went to other schools, where water drinking was not encouraged.
Children in the schools with fountains increased their water consumption from about 3 up to 4 glasses a day, while those in the other schools continued to drink an average of 3 glasses. Over the research, the number of overweight kids upped from 384 to 385 out of 1,641 at the schools with water fountains. In comparison, the number of overweight kids at the other schools increased from 339 to 364 out of 1,309, Dr. Muckelbauer said.
The experts cannot make any final conclusions and explain why the students who were encouraged to drink water were less likely to gain extra weight. Dr. Muckelbauer noted that according to a few other studies, drinking of water increases the rate at which calories are burned, while some other research suggested that water may temporarily decrease appetite (食欲).
【小题1】What do we know about the survey from the passage?
| A．The teachers were also encouraged to drink water. |
| B．The students surveyed were all overweight. |
| C．It surveyed children in the countryside. |
| D．It lasted for a whole school year. |
| A．Drinking water certainly decreases appetite. |
| B．Further research is needed to confirm the finding. |
| C．The experts will encourage all the students to drink water. |
| D．Why students drinking more get less pounds will be clear soon. |
| A．Schools with water fountains |
| B．Drink more water and become thinner |
| C．Water fountains at schools help kids stay thin |
| D．Water consumption at some German schools |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Smaller than your fist, your healthy heart just goes on and on. It will beat more than 60 times a minute for 70 years or more. That’s something that most of us take for granted. But it’s an amazing fact.
60 times a minute for 60 minutes is 3,600 times. What physical thing can most of us do 3,600 times in one hour? Blink? Maybe. Tap our fingers on the desk? No. Jump up and down? Certainly not! But our heart keeps beating, hour after hour. Every day, it pumps almost 2,000 gallons of blood through our blood vessels(血管). It takes you about five years to drink 2,000 gallons of water.
And, unlike your knees or your back, your heart does all this work without ever complaining（抱怨）! You never know that it’s even there. Your heart is such a reliable “silent partner” that people forget to care for it. For many, the first indication（迹象）that their heart isn’t working properly is a serious heart illness! Over 650,000 Americans die of some kind of heart disease every year. Cancer kills 560,000, stroke kills 143,000, and accidents kill 118,000 Americans annually.
Like accidental deaths, many heart disease-related deaths can be avoided if people simply follow the advice of the experts. Unfortunately, most people seem to listen to a little voice in their head that says, “It won’t happen to me. ” So these people keep on smoking and drinking. They continue to eat too much meat. And their only “exercise” is getting off the sofa to get something out of the fridge. Please follow the following steps to keep your heart healthy.
【小题1】The text is most probably taken from a (an) __________.
| A．art book | B．science fiction |
| C．healthy magazine | D．psychology book |
| A．Blink. | B．Jump. | C．Finger tap. | D．Heart beat. |
| A．Accidents can be the biggest “killer” in America every year. |
| B．In America, heart disease causes the highest death rate annually. |
| C．Cancer causes more threat than any other diseases for Americans. |
| D．Recently, nobody died of stroke or heart disease in America. |
| A．our healthy hearts work with many complains as our knees. |
| B．our healthy hearts can pump 3,600 gallons of blood everyday. |
| C．our healthy hearts are smaller than our fists. |
| D．our healthy hearts can beat 60 times in one hour. |
| A．Some tips for keeping a healthy heart. |
| B．Some suggestions for avoiding accidental deaths. |
| C．Some reasons for doing regular exercise. |
| D．Some exercise for keeping a healthy lifestyle. |
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