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    15．The strong protests against constant testing are a reaction mainly against the mindless test-prep（针对训练） associated with reading tests．Math tests，which are based on an actual curriculum，aren't the main issue．Prepping for them usually helps improve math proficiency．But prepping for reading tests have had only a short-tem effect，and hasn't helped reading ability in the long run．
    If you look at recent scores on the National Assessment of Educational Progress，you will see that there's a gentle boost in reading scores for grades 4 and 8，but not for 17 years olds．The reading proficiency of high school seniors had not been changed since the great verbal decline of the 1970s，which was well documented by drops in scores on the SAT．So，why haven't the short-term early boots in grades 4and 8translated into better verbal scores in grade 12？Reading tests in later grades are more knowledge-intensive than the tests in the early grades．Scholars of the subject showed that 12th-grade scores declined in the 1970s and stayed flat，because of a narrowing of the school curriculum．
    The time-consuming test preparations with endless exercises on"finding the main idea"and"questioning the author"have become the main cause of today's curriculum narrowing．Emphasis on reading and reading tests have helped to cause low reading scores among senior students．The underlying reasons for this paradox（悖论） are not widely understood among test makers and other specialists：Prepping for reading tests has had a negative effect on the curriculum，because the tests themselves，not to mention the strategy exercises，are based on an incorrect understanding of reading ability．
    Reading ability is very topic independent．How well students perform on a reading test is highly dependent on their knowledge of the topics of the test passages．Yet the topics on our current reading tests don't have anything to do with the topics studied in school．Worse，there's no short-term way of preparing for a general reading test other than by doing topic-indifferent skill-exercises．It involves teaching students how to figure out the meaning of a test passage，even when they know little about the topic．This kind of unproductive and boring test-prep ceases to have an effect．
    That's why reading scores were higher when schooling was more knowledge-intensive．A knowledge-oriented curriculum will，over time，produce higher verbal abilities than a test-prep curriculum．Over 13years of knowledge-intensive schooling，students，including disadvantages ones，can learn quite a lot about a lot of topics，greatly increasing their ability to make high scores on a reading test．

    58．According to Paragraph 1，constant reading tests are receiving strong protests probably becauseC．
    A．they are a reaction against the mindless test-prep related to reading tests
    B．Math tests which are based on an actual curriculum aren't the main issue
    C．prepping for them hasn't boosted high school seniors'reading proficiency
    D．prepping for them fails to produce any effect for students'reading skills
    59．Emphasis on reading had contributed to low scores in higher grades becauseD．
    A．the test-prep associated with reading tests is too time-consuming
    B．there's no short-term way of preparing for a general reading test
    C．the prepping for reading tests is unproductive and boring
    D．test experts fail to understand reading proficiency correctly
    60．The suitable title for this text could beD．
    A．Strong Protest Against Constant Testing                
    B．Reading Ability is Very Topic Dependent
    C．A Paradox of Emphasis on Reading and Low Scores      
    D．Why Reading Test Scores Flatten Out in 12th Grade．

    分析 本文主要讲述了12年级的学生阅读能力下降，成绩平平的原因以及提高成绩的办法．

    解答 58．C．细节理解题．哟第一段But prepping for reading tests have had only a short-tem effect，and hasn't helped reading ability in the long run．可知准备阅读测试在长期看来并没有助于阅读能力的提升，故选C．
    59．D．细节理解题．The underlying reasons for this paradox（悖论） are not widely understood among test makers and other specialists，可知试题制造者和专家也不能正确理解阅读能力，故选D．
    60．D．主旨归纳题．本文主要讲述了12年级的学生阅读能力下降，成绩平平的原因以及提高成绩的办法，故选D．

    点评 本篇文章主要是细节理解方面的题型，需要考生通过跳读迅速找到对应的句子进行详细理解，句子的理解可以结合上下文意思，通过逻辑推理得到．

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    科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解

    3．It seems that people are gradually losing their smartness as smartphones become increasingly important assistants in their lives．As we rely too much on technology instead of our brains，many people have lost three basic abilities．
         The first skill many people have lost is remembering phone numbers．Because phone numbers are stored in smartphone contacts，there's now no need to dial a number or look at it again．This is fine until you need to call someone for help，only to find your phone is not around．
         And some people may also have lost their sense of direction because some apps can guide people anywhere they want．People get so dependent on them that when they can't use their smartphones，they get lost and anxious．
         But the worst lost skills may be social ones，meaning that some people are becoming socially inept （无能的）．People often bury themselves in their smartphones．As we're too absent-minded by what's happening in the virtual （虚拟的），some of us have lost conversational skills and sometimes can't even tell whether a person is happy or not．
         Last August，researchers at the University of California，Los Angeles，studied 51 students aged 11 and 12 who had over five hours'screen time every day．Their task was to tell the emotions of 48 pictures of faces that were happy，sad，angry or scared．
         The children made an average of 14.02 mistakes at the beginning．But after a five-day camp without electronic products，they made only 9.41 mistakes on average．
         Luckily，people still have a chance to get these abilities back．You should try to keep your parents'numbers in mind for emergencies．You should also pay more attention to street signs and stores，which will help you to draw a mind map and stop you from getting lost．And the easiest solution to social skill loss
     is to take a break from electronic products．

    29．The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies thatC．
    A．you are able to turn to others for help
    B．others are able to call you anytime and anywhere
    C．you are unable to contact others without your smartphone
    D．others are unable to get in touch with you by smartphone
    30．The experiment shows that without electronic products，one couldD．
    A．tell more pictures of faces easily
    B．tell different emotions immediately
    C．lose the sense of direction frequently
    D．recognize more facial expressions correctly
    31．Overusing smartphones，people will probablyB．
    A．have no sense of numbers
    B．lose face-to-face communication skills
    C．fail to find their destination
    D．weaken their senses of hearing and sight．

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