There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be remembered at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks. However, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over. The following experiment shows how short-term memory has been studied.
Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students. They represented all levels of ability in English: beginning, intermediate (中等), and native speaking students.
To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording, Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four words with the same meaning. Finally the subjects took a language proficiency test.
Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning's results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, and advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Information in short-term memory is different from that in long-term memory.
B. Long-term memory can be achieved only by training.
C. It is easier to test short-term memory than long term memory.
D. Henning gave a separate test on vocabulary to his students.
2. From Henning's result we can see that ______.
A. beginners have difficulty distinguishing the pronunciation of words
B. advanced students always remember words by their meaning
C. it is difficult to remember words that sound alike
D. it is difficult to remember words that have the same meaning
3. The word "subject" in the passage means ______.
A. memory
B. the theme of listening material
C. a branch of knowledge studied
D. the student experimented on
4.The passage centers on ______.
A. memory B. two kinds of memory
C. short-term memory D. an experiment on student
科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年外研版必修3高一课时演练英语试卷5（解析版） 题型：完形填空
完形填空
This morning,I arrived at my office earlier to catch up on some emails.On the way to _____,I couldn’t __________ it when I saw some beautiful flowers at the grocery store.I picked some up, __________a few chocolate bars.
With the office so empty,I decided to take the __________to put the chocolate bars on some desks.I started heading towards areas __________ no one had come yet.
I __________ one and a smile card on the CEO’s desk.And then I went to his __________ desk and placed one there,and quickly put a third one on the desk of a quiet gentleman.Later,I entered the kitchen, __________ two cups of water and walked into the __________.I took out the flowers from my bag and __________ them in two bunches,one in each cup.
With a little sigh of __________,I stepped out of the rest room and looked around.The office was still __________ empty and the people closest to me were __________with a Monday morning “How was your weekend?” __________.I __________ and went back to my desk.
It struck me that my housemate who had packed my lunch for me so __________ today snuck(偷偷地给) a chocolate bar in there,so I __________ place it on the desk of our receptionist to complete the circle as I headed out of the office this evening.Our receptionist is always the first person in the office,and she always __________ me with a smile when I come in.Maybe tomorrow morning,this __________ can greet her.
I have no __________ how they feel when receiving the gifts,but they will surely smile!
1.A.work B.job C.company D.business
2.A.stop B.help C.get D.afford
3.A.regardless of B.along with C.except for D.instead of
4.A.adventure B.authority C.possibility D.opportunity
5.A.when B.because C.though D.where
6.A.chose B.placed C.delivered D.carried
7.A.wife’s B.manager’s C.assistant’s D.director’s
8.A.discovered B.ordered C.filled D.emptied
9.A.rest room B.meeting room C.smoking area D.office room
10.A.applied B.adjusted C.arranged D.attached
11.A.regret B.concern C.relief D.excitement
12.A.especially B.thoroughly C.totally D.pretty
13.A.concerned B.accustomed C.limited D.occupied
14.A.conversation B.congratulation C.consideration D.condition
15.A.amazed B.smiled C.delighted D.celebrated
16.A.sweetly B.obviously C.wildly D.fortunately
17.A.need B.could C.must D.dare
18.A.waves B.nods C.greets D.meets
19.A.gift B.performance C.flower D.method
20.A.opinion B.point C.view D.idea
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年宁夏高二下期末英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
It took me several years to realize that my black skin is beautiful and I have accepted the fact that indeed black is beautiful now. This skin I have been in for so many years determined my self worth.
I had so many factors “against” me in my mind when I was a little girl. I was a tall, thin, dark skinned girl with a gap tooth smile. Growing up, the only role model that I had was my mother, who has beautiful deep brown complexion (肤色). It’s amazing how I could find beauty in my mother’s complexion but not my own. One of the most outstanding memories of my childhood is the words “Oh, she is so cute for a dark skinned little girl.” People spoke as if I wasn’t in the room, as if I couldn’t hear.
From a young age, I felt ashamed that my black color wasn’t good enough, so I buried myself in books to stay away from the mirror. I knew that my education would and could take me further than my looks. I stopped watching TV, absorbed in my studies and I was happy with my decision. Now I have been admitted to my ideal Coppin State University, which is for black students and has a long history.
It wasn’t until I was at age 16 that I officially decided to fix my deep rooted issue about my dark complexion. I had been brainwashed to subscribe to the European standard of beauty for so many years. I no longer accept this standard, because I set my own. My black is beautiful including my full lips, the wideness of my nose, and the intensity (明亮) of my eyes. I believe that there are plenty of beautiful dark skinned women in the world.
1.When the author was young, she _____.
A. realized the importance of good memory
B. didn’t mind others saying she was black
C. accepted the European standard of beauty
D. didn’t think her mother was very beautiful
2.In childhood how did the author break away from not liking her looks?
A. She turned her attention to her studies.
B. She watched TV and read books.
C. She attended a school for black people.
D. She broke all her mirrors.
3.The author writes the text mainly to tell readers _____.
A. the change of her attitudes toward her complexion
B. varied standards of beauty in different periods
C. how her appearance helped her to succeed
D. why she thinks black skin is beautiful
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年吉林毓文中学高一下期中考试英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
To American visitors, Iceland is a very interesting country, partly because it is different in so many ways from he or she is used to seeing at home. There are quite a few things that are not done, or that do not exist on the island—quite a few “No's”．
There is no pollution, for instance, no dogs are permitted in Reykjavik, the capital. There is no television on Thursdays or during the whole month of July, and only three hours of blackand-white TV the rest of the time. There is no hard liquor（酒） on Wednesdays and no beer at any time. There is no handguns; only one prison of thirty five rooms in the whole land—an admirable figure, even for a small country of 313,376 people.
There is no army, air force or navy. There is no tipping（给小费） for anything. There are no large stores open on Saturdays or Sundays. Since Iceland is located just under the Arctic Circle, there is no darkness in summer and no daylight in winter. But thanks to Gulf Stream, the climate is rather mild, with temperatures between 34 degrees and 52 degrees in July.
The rules on television liquor and guns are the result of government decisions. But the absence of pollution is because of in great part the fact that Iceland gets its power from the thousands of hot springs(泉水) that come out of the ground. They provide all the energy needed by the country. In fact, Iceland uses only 3 percent of all its available power.
Iceland has been described as a democratic（民主的） independent country where more fish are caught and more books published per person than anywhere else in the world. The Icelanders have always felt a particular love for literature. They wrote their first books in the ninth and tenth centuries AD. These works were poems and tales about the kings, heroes, and heroines of Iceland and Norway. At first, the stories were remembered and passed from generation to generation. They were finally written down between 1140 and 1220. The Icelanders have never stopped writing ever since. “Rather shoeless than bookless，” they proudly say.
1.American visitors enjoy visiting Iceland probably because ________.
A．no dogs are permitted in the capital
B．the police do not carry handguns
C．the climate is rather mild
D．it is very different from Americans
2.The following statements are true EXCEPT ________.
A．there are no soldiers in Iceland
B．the Icelanders don't drink beer
C．there is no tip of any kind
D．there are no crimes（犯罪） in Iceland
3.There is no pollution in Iceland mainly because ________.
A．Iceland uses only 3 percent of all its available power
B．the Icelanders use hot water from the ground below as their energy
C．it is located just under the Arctic Circle
D．it is a democratic independent country
4.“Rather shoeless than bookless” means ________.
A．they prefer not to have shoe or books
B．they would rather have shoes on than write books
C．they prefer travelling to reading
D．they regard books more important than shoes
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年黑龙江双鸭山一中高二6月考英语卷（解析版） 题型：语法填空
语法填空
Once there lived a rich man __1.__wanted to do something for the people of his town.___ 2.____ first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed___3.___ very large stone. Then he ___4.__ (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.“Who put this stone in the centre of the road? said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. __5.____ man came along and did the same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove __6.___ . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, ___7.___ (say) to himself: “The night ___8.___ (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.” Then he began to move the stone.He pushed and pulled with all his___9.____ (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! ___10.___the stone, he found a bag of money.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年河北冀州市高一下期末（A）英语卷（解析版） 题型：单词拼写
单词拼写
1.Most of these streak 条痕 are darker than the ________（ 周围的）sand.
2.They sat in a corner and _________（闲聊） of old times
3.I carried with me for years a vague模糊的______（印象） that he was a cold-hearted寡情的 man
4.The painter was busy ________ （调配，混合）his colours.
5.You can do a quick test to _______（证明，证实） this in any database
by opening a view and then pressing the down arrow.
6.The subject has been ________ （谈到，查阅）to cursorily粗略in the
preface.序言
7.This method is_________（计划，打算）for debugging调试only, as it lets me compare the result of aparse 解析with expected results.
8.What is the _______ （连接，关系）between the two ideas?
9.What a pleasant_______ （荫，阴凉处）this tree gives us!
10.I defeated him by knocking down his _________( 争论，讨论，辩论）
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年贵州都匀一中高一下第一次月考英语卷（解析版） 题型：书面表达
书面表达
假设你班最近举行了一次班会，讨论怎样把英语学习变成一件快乐的事。请你根据下表所提示的信息，为某英语周报网站写一篇短文，谈谈你们的讨论情况并提出你的建议。
讨论情况 | 1. 课内互动 |
2. 课外活动（演讲或晚会等） | |
3. 运用英语（口头或书面交流） | |
…… | |
你的建议 | …… |
注意：
1. 对所给要点注意陈述，不要简单翻译。
2. 词数110左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：interactive 互动的
Recently, we had a discussion on how to make learning English relaxing and fun. ____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年贵州都匀一中高二下开学考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Imagine being a crew member, hundreds of years ago, sailing in southern waters. Your captain is searching for food while exploring unfamiliar waters. Your job is to watch the sea off the ship’s side for ice. The wind is cold on your face. Alongside the ship, a fish darts past. Another slows to a stop and raises its head above the water to look at you. How could a fish do that?
Did the sailors see fish with feathers or swimming birds? Today, we know that the sailors saw birds that developed the ability to swim. Their wings became flippers, and they could “fly” through the water with amazing speed.
There are many types of penguins. Only two kinds raise their young on the continent of Antarctic. Adelie penguins grow up to 29 inches tall and have a white ring around each eye. Emperor penguins have yellow orange color near their necks. Standing about 35 inches tall, they are the tallest penguins living today.
Emperor penguins have nests on top of their feet. Father Emperor penguins keep the egg on top of their feet for more than two months, until the egg is ready to hatch. The mother penguin goes out for food during that time. Imagine holding an egg on your feet for two months until someone returns with food!
Male and female penguins are both good parents. Once the chicks hatch, both parents travel long distances to find food for them in the sea. It may be days before the parents return and the chicks eat again. When they return with food, the fun really begins. Chicks chase their parents, begging for food. Penguin chicks eat huge amounts at one time.
Eventually, the adult penguins stop feeding the chicks. This is nature’s way of forcing children to grow up. When the penguin chicks are hungry enough, they find their way to the sea. Without any swimming lessons, they make their way into the icy waters and swim as only penguins do.
1.What does the author mainly want to tell us in Paragraph 1?
A. It is dangerous to sail in unfamiliar waters.
B. The ice covers southern waters as far as we can see.
C. Penguins seemed unusual when the sailors first saw them.
D. It is difficult to find food if sailing in southern waters.
2.We now know that penguins seen by the sailors hundreds of years ago were .
A. fish with the ability to fly
B. birds that had learned to swim
C. birds that could fly into the sea
D. fish with black and white feathers
3.Why does the author say “the fun really begins” when the parents return with food?
A. The chicks play games with each other while eating.
B. The chicks run after the parents while trying to get food.
C. The chicks have to find their way to the sea to get more food.
D. The chicks have to search for the food the parents have hidden.
4.Emperor penguin chicks will be forced to grow up when they .
A. must learn how to feed others
B. have to find a new place to live
C. have to find food by themselves
D. need to adjust to the changeable weather
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（新课标卷2卷精编版） 题型：阅读理解
Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.
Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.
Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”
Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.
People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.
BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.
1.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?
A. To explain what they are.
B. To introduce BookCrossing.
C. To stress the importance of reading.
D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.
2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The book.
B. An adventure.
C. A public place.
D. The identification number.
3.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?
A. Meet other readers to discuss it.
B. Keep it safe in his bookcase.
C. Pass it on to another reader.
D. Mail it back to its owner.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour
B. Electronic Books: A new Trend
C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back
D. A Website Links People through Books
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