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3.Each food we eat tastes different,and there are untold numbers of different tastes.Still,all flavors are based on just four basic tastes:sweet,bitter,salty,and sour.Some food experts argue there is a fifth basic taste called umami(a Japanese word that can be translated roughly as"tasty"or"savory"),but this theory remains controversial.Regardless of whether there are four or five basic tastes,the number is small.
How can so few basic tastes give rise to the enormous number of flavors we experience?This is possible because the basic tastes combine in different proportions.Compare this to colors.There are only three basic colors-yellow,red,and blue-but when mixed in different ways and proportions,these three basic colors are sufficient to create the vast array of colors that we see every day.
Apart from being influenced by different combinations of the basic tastes,the experience of taste is also enriched by other sensations,such as odor and temperature.These functions together produce what we recognize as unique tastes.In fact,what we perceive as taste often involves smell more than the taste experienced through the tongue.This is why foods with strong tastes often seem bland to people who,due to a stuffy nose,cannot smell them.For example,cinnamon tastes quite mild to people who cannot enjoy its fragrant smell.The same is true of drinks,like hot coffee or tea,which taste best when they can be smelled as well as tasted.
What can also contribute to the sensation of taste is our ability to feel pain.The reason why hot,spicy foods like chili peppers are tasty is that they affect the lingual nociceptors.Nociceptors are small areas on the surface of the body that help protect us against injury.Nociceptors on the skin warn us of potential damage to the body.When we are pricked with a needle,for example,nociceptors represent that sensation as pain.A special kind of nociceptor called a lingual nociceptor is found on the tongue and,along with the other senses,helps us enjoy certain foods.

42.Which sentence best summarizes the main idea of the passage?B
A.New tastes can be created in laboratories.
B.Taste is a combination of different factors.
C.Solid foods have a stronger taste than drinks.
D.Taste is more important than smell for food.
43.Which word has the closest meaning to the phrase"give rise to"in Paragraph 2?D
A.lift              B.count             C.remove          D.produce
44.What does the author imply about cinnamon?B
A.It can relieve a stuffy nose.
B.It can have a very strong taste.
C.It should be kept in a cool place.
D.It tastes better in a large quantities.
45.What are"lingual nociceptors"?C
A.Foods that tastes hot and spicy like chili peppers.
B.Substances in a food that improve its flavor.
C.Areas on the tongue that sense spicy foods.
D.Small connections between the nose and the mouth.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了口味是不同因素的结合,天气温度,基本的口味的不同组合,感受疼痛的能力等都会影响味觉.

解答 42.B.主旨大意题.通读全文,可知文章主要讲了口味是不同因素的结合,天气温度,基本的口味的不同组合,感受疼痛的能力等都会影响味觉;故选B.
43.D.词义猜测题.根据第二段:How can so few basic tastes give rise to the enormous number of flavors we experience这么少的基本口味怎么会引起我们体验到的大量口味呢;可知意为引起;故选D.
44.B.推理判断题.根据倒数第二段:For example,cinnamon tastes quite mild to people who cannot enjoy its fragrant smell可知它可以有很强的味道;故选B.
45.C.细节理解题.根据最后一段:The reason why hot,spicy foods like chili peppers are tasty is that they affect the lingual nociceptors.Nociceptors are small areas on the surface of the body that help protect us against injury可知舌头上有辛辣食物的区域就是语言伤害;故选C.

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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